As for the bones of other dead animals, al-Thawri and Abu Hanifah held the view that they are pure, because death does not render them permissible, and therefore they do not become impure through it, like hair. Furthermore, the reason for the impurity of meat and skin is the presence of blood and moisture, which is not found in bones.

Our argument is the word of Allah the Almighty: {He says, 'Who will give life to these bones when they have crumbled?' Say, 'He will give them life who produced them the first time; and He is, of all creation, Knowing.'} (10). Whatever possesses life can die, and the evidence of life is sensation and pain. Pain in the bone is more intense than pain in the flesh or skin; a tooth feels pain, becomes sensitive (darus), and senses the coldness and heat of water. Whatever life permeates, death also permeates, for death is the separation of life from the body, and that which is permeated by death becomes impure, as is the case with flesh. When one of his companions' teeth fell out, al-Hasan said: "I have been notified that a part of me has died today!" Regarding their claim that the cause of impurity is the presence of blood and moisture, we have already responded to that previously.

Section: The horn, the hoof, and the nail are like the bone. If taken from an animal that has been slaughtered lawfully (mudhakka), it is pure; but if taken from a living animal, it is impure, according to the statement of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: "Whatever is cut from a beast while it is alive is considered dead animal (maytah)." This was narrated by al-Tirmidhi (11), who said: It is a hasan gharib (good but singular) hadith. The same applies to what falls off from the horns of mountain goats during their lifetime. It is possible that this is considered pure, because it is something pure and attached to the animal, yet it contains no life, so it does not become impure upon being separated from the animal, nor does it become impure by the death of the animal, just like hair. The hadith intended what is cut from a beast while it possesses life, for it dies upon being separated, and life departs from it, unlike this case, as it does not die upon separation; thus, it is more like hair. What does not become impure upon death, there is no harm in using its bones, such as fish, for its death is equivalent to the slaughter of edible animals.