it, and the command for a thing necessitates the fulfillment of the requirement through it. Washing does not require mentioning the name of Allah (tasmiyah). Abu al-Khattab said: It requires it, by analogy to wudu'. This is far-fetched; for mentioning the name of Allah in wudu' is not obligatory according to the correct view, and whoever made it obligatory [only made it so] (56) as an act of devotion, therefore it must be restricted to its own locus; as the devotion related to it is a branch of [its] reasoning, and a condition of that is that the meaning be rationally intelligible, and it is impossible to attach it to it due to the absence of distinction, for wudu' is more emphatic, it consists of four limbs, and its cause is different from the cause of washing the hand.

Section: If one in a state of janabah (major ritual impurity) immerses himself in a large body of water, or performs wudu' in a large body of water, dipping his limbs into it, without intending to wash his hands from night sleep, his ghusl (major ablution) and wudu' are valid, but it does not suffice for the washing of the hands from night sleep according to the one who makes intention obligatory in its washing; because the persistence of impurity on the limb does not prevent the removal of a hadath (minor ritual impurity). If he were to wash his nose or his hand during wudu' while it is impure, his hadath would still be removed, and the persistence of a hadath upon wudu' does not prevent the removal of another hadath; as evidenced by the fact that if a person in a state of janabah performs wudu' intending to remove the minor hadath, or performs a full bath without intending the minor purification, the intended [act] is valid to the exclusion of the other, and this does not depart from its analogy to either of the two cases.

Section: If one finds a small amount of water but has nothing to scoop it with, and his hands are impure, Ahmad said: There is no harm in him taking it with his mouth and pouring it over his hand. Likewise, if it is possible for him to dip a cloth or something else and pour it over his hands (57), he should do that. If none of that is possible for him, he should perform tayammum (dry ablution) and leave it, so that the water does not become impure and he does not become contaminated by it. If (58) he has not washed his hands from night sleep, he performs wudu' from it, according to the one who considers the water to remain in its state of absolute purity (mutlaq). One who considers it used (musta'mal) says: He performs wudu' with it and performs tayammum along with it. If a prisoner wakes from his sleep and does not know whether it was from day sleep or night sleep, he is not obligated to wash his hands; because the basic principle is the absence of obligation, so we do not make it obligatory based on doubt.