the water flows off of them. Abu Dawud said: I said to Ahmad: If one performs wudu' and inserts his foot into the water, and then pulls it out? He said: It is appropriate that he passes his hand over his foot and performs takhil of his toes. I said: If he does not do that, is it sufficient? He said: I hope that it is sufficient for the takhil that he moves his foot in the water, for the water sometimes slips off the body in winter.

It was said to him: Should one who is performing wudu' move his ring? He said: If it is tight, he must move it, and if it is loose, he should let the water enter it, and that is sufficient. Abu Rafi‘, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated that the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—used to move his ring when he performed wudu' (8). If one doubts whether the water has reached what is underneath it, he is obligated to move it to be certain that the water has reached [what is underneath it] (9), because the default assumption is that it has not reached it.

If some of his toes are wrapped over others and are connected, it is not obligatory to separate one from the other, because they have become like one toe. But if they are not connected (10), it is obligatory to cause the water to reach the area between them.

22 - Issue; he said: (And washing the right sides before the left sides).

There is no disagreement among the people of knowledge—as far as we know—regarding the recommendation to begin with the right side. Among those from whom this has been narrated are the people of Medina, the people of Iraq, the people of Syria, and the proponents of ra'y (reasoned opinion). They unanimously agree that there is no need for repetition for one who begins with his left side before his right side. The origin for the recommendation in this (1) is that the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—liked that and practiced it. ‘Aisha narrated that the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—loved to begin with the right side in his putting on shoes, his combing his hair, his purification, and in all of his affairs. Agreed upon (2). And from...