from the limbs, whether due to dirt, mud, or otherwise, his purification is not valid, because he did not intend it. [If he intends] (20) wudu' (ablution) unconditionally or purification, there are two views. The most correct of them is its validity, because wudu' and purification [in their absolute sense, only refer] (21) to the legislated form, so he is considered one who intended a legal wudu'. The second view is that his purification is not valid in all these cases, because he intended that which is permissible without purification, resembling one who intends eating, and purification is divided into what is legislated and what is not; therefore, it is not valid given the ambiguity. If he intends by his purification the removal of hadath and the cooling of his limbs, his purification is valid, because the cooling occurs without the intention, so this combination does not affect it, just as if he intended by prayer both obedience and salvation from his opponent. If a person in a state of janaba (major ritual impurity) intends by ghusl (full body washing) to remain in the mosque, his hadath is removed, because it is a condition for that.
Section: It is wajib (obligatory) to place the intention before the entire purification, because it is a condition for it; thus, its presence is required throughout the entirety of it. If any part of the obligations of purification is found before the intention, it is not considered. It is recommended to intend before washing his palms, so that the intention may encompass the sunnah (recommended) and the obligatory acts of purification. If he washes his palms before the intention, he is like one who has not washed them. It is permissible to place the intention before the purification by a short amount of time, as we said regarding prayer, but if the interval is long, it does not suffice him. It is recommended to maintain the awareness of the intention until the end of his purification, so that his actions remain linked to the intention. If he maintains its ruling, it suffices him. Its meaning is that he does not intend to interrupt it. If it slips from his mind or he becomes unmindful of it, this does not affect its interruption, because that for which an intention is required is not invalidated by its slip or forgetfulness, like prayer and fasting. If he interrupts his intention in the middle of it—such as if he intends not to complete his purification, or (22) he intends to make the ghusl for something other than purification—what has already passed of his purification is not invalidated, because it occurred correctly and is not invalidated by the interruption of the intention afterward, just as if he intended to interrupt the intention after finishing the wudu'. And what he has performed...
(20) In the original: "and if he intended". (21) In M: "their absolute sense only refers". (22) In M: "and if".
أعْضائِه مِنْ وَسَخٍ أو طِينٍ أو غَيْرِه، لم تَصِحَّ طَهارَتُه؛ لأنَّه لم يَقْصِدْها، [وإن نَوَى] (٢٠) وُضُوءًا مُطْلَقا أو طَهارةً، فَفِيهِ وَجْهان: أصَحُّهما صِحَّتُه؛ لأنّ الوُضُوءَ والطَّهارةَ [بإطْلاقِهما إنَّما ينْصَرِفُ] (٢١) إلى المَشْرُوعِ، فيكون ناوِيًا لوُضُوءٍ شَرْعِىٍّ. والوَجْهُ الثانِى لا تَصِحُّ طهارَتُه في هذه المواضعِ كُلِّها؛ لأنَّه قَصَدَ ما يُباحُ بدُونِ الطَّهارةِ، أَشْبَهَ قاصِدَ الأكْلِ، والطَّهارةُ تَنْقَسِمُ إلى ما هو مَشْرُوعٌ وإلى غَيْرهِ، فلم تَصِحَّ مع التَّرَدُّدِ. وإن نَوَى بطَهَارتِه رَفْعَ الحَدَثِ وتَبْرِيدَ أعْضائِهِ، صَحَّتْ طَهَارَتُه؛ لأن التَّبْرِيدَ يَحْصُلُ بدون النِّيَّةِ، فلم يُؤَثر هذا الاشْتِراكُ، كما لو قَصَدَ بالصَّلاةِ الطاعةَ والخَلاصَ مِنْ خَصْمِه. وإن قَصَدَ الجُنُبُ بالغُسْلِ اللُّبْثَ في المَسْجِدِ ارْتَفَع حَدَثُه؛ لأنه شَرْطٌ لذلك.
فصل: ويَجِبُ تَقْديمُ النِّيَّةِ علَى الطَّهارَةِ كُلِّها؛ لأنَّها شَرْطٌ لها، فيُعْتَبَرُ وُجُودُها في جَمِيعِها، فإن وُجِدَ شيءٌ مِنْ وَاجباتِ الطَّهارَةِ قبلَ النِّيَّةِ لم يُعْتَدَّ به. ويُسْتَحَبُّ أن يَنْوِىَ قبل غَسْلِ كَفَّيْه، لِتَشْمَلَ النِّيَّةُ مَسْنُونَ الطَّهارةِ ومَفْرُوضَها. فإن غَسَلَ كَفَّيْهِ قبلَ النِّيَّةِ كان كمَنْ لم يَغْسِلْهُما. ويَجُوزُ تَقْدِيمُ النِّيَّةِ على الطَّهارةِ بالزَّمَنِ اليَسِيرِ، كَقَوْلِنا في الصَّلاةِ، وإن طالَ الفَصْلُ لم يُجْزِهِ ذلك. ويُسْتَحَبُّ اسْتِصْحَابُ ذِكْرِ النِّيّة إلى آخر طَهَارتِه؛ لتكون أفْعَالُه مُقْتَرِنةً بالنِّيَّةِ، فإن اسْتَصْحَبَ حُكْمَها أجْزَأَهُ. ومعناه: أنْ لا يَنْوِىَ قَطْعَها. وإن عَزَبَتْ عن خَاطِرِه، وذَهَلَ عنها، لم يُؤَثِّر ذلك في قَطْعِها؛ لأنَّ ما اشْتُرِطَتْ له النِّيَّةُ لا يَبْطُلُ بِعُزُوبِها، والذُّهُولِ عنها، كالصَّلاةِ والصِّيامِ. وإن قَطَع نِيَّتَهُ في أثْنائِها مثلَ أن يَنْوِىَ أن لا يُتِمَّ طَهارَتَه، أو (٢٢) نَوَى جَعْلَ الغُسْلِ لغَيْرِ الطَّهارةِ، لم يَبْطُلْ ما مَضَى من طَهارَتِه؛ لأنه وَقَع صَحِيحًا، فلم يَبْطُلْ بقَطْعِ النِّيَّةِ بعدَه، كما لَوْ نَوَى قَطْعَ النِّيَّةِ بعدَ الفَرَاغِ مِنَ الوُضُوءِ، وما أَتَى
(٢٠) في الأصل: "ولو قصد".(٢١) في م: "إنما ينصرف إطلاقهما".(٢٢) في م: "وإن".