33 - Issue; He said: "A person in a state of major ritual impurity (junub), a menstruating woman, and a woman experiencing postpartum bleeding shall not recite the Quran."
Dislike for this has been narrated from ‘Umar, ‘Ali, al-Hasan, al-Nakha‘i, al-Zuhri, Qatadah, al-Shafi‘i, and the scholars of opinion (ashab al-ra’y). Al-Awza‘i said: "He does not recite except for the verse of riding and dismounting: 'Glory be to Him who has subjected this to us' [Surah al-Zukhruf 13], and 'And say: My Lord, land me at a blessed landing place' [Surah al-Mu’minun 29]." Ibn ‘Abbas said: "He may recite his daily portion (wird)." Sa‘id ibn al-Musayyab said: "He may recite the Quran, for is it not within his chest?" It was narrated from Malik: "The menstruating woman may recite, unlike the person in a state of major impurity, because her days are long, so if we were to prevent her from reciting, she would forget." Our evidence is what was narrated from ‘Ali (may God be pleased with him) that the Prophet (may the peace and blessings of God be upon him) was not prevented—or he said: "kept back"—from reciting the Quran by anything, except for major ritual impurity (janabah). Narrated by Abu Dawud, al-Nasa’i, and al-Tirmidhi (4), who said: "A hasan sahih hadith." Also from Ibn ‘Umar, that the Prophet (may the peace and blessings of God be upon him) said: "The menstruating woman and the person in a state of major impurity shall not recite anything of the Quran." Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi (5), who said: "It is narrated by Isma‘il ibn ‘Ayyash, [from Musa ibn ‘Uqbah] (6), from Nafi‘, and al-Bukhari has weakened his narration from the people of the Hijaz (7)."
(1) Surah al-Zukhruf, 13. (2) Surah al-Mu’minun, 29. (3) In MS M: "fa-in" (if). (4) Narrated by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on the person in a state of major impurity (junub) reciting the Quran, from the Book of Purification. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/52. Al-Nasa’i, in: Chapter on preventing the person in a state of major impurity from reciting the Quran. al-Mujtaba 1/118. Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on what has been narrated regarding reciting the Quran without being in a state of purity, from the Book of Purification. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/195. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 1/84, 107, 124. Al-Tirmidhi did not mention its wording, but rather narrated the hadith of Ibn ‘Umar that follows, then said: "In this chapter, there is also something from ‘Ali." The report that the author mentions from him is not found therein. See: ‘Aridat al-Ahwadhi 1/212. (5) Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter on what has been narrated regarding the menstruating woman and the person in a state of major impurity that they do not recite the Quran, from the chapters of purification. ‘Aridat al-Ahwadhi 1/212. And Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on what has been narrated regarding reciting the Quran without being in a state of purity, from the Book of Purification. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/195. We did not find it in Abu Dawud. (6) A completion from al-Tirmidhi. ‘Aridat al-Ahwadhi 1/213. (7) Al-Tirmidhi’s expression is: "I heard Muhammad ibn Isma‘il say: 'Isma‘il ibn ‘Ayyash narrates rejected (manakir) hadiths from the people of the Hijaz and the people of Iraq.'" It is as if he weakened his narration from them regarding that in which he is unique, and said: "The hadith of Isma‘il ibn ‘Ayyash is only [reliable] from the people of al-Sham."
