The Chapter of Tayammum (Dry Ablution)
Tayammum in the linguistic sense means: to intend (al-qasd). Allah the Almighty says: {And do not aim (tayamamu) at the bad thereof, from which you spend} (48). Imru' al-Qays said (49):
I aimed (tayamamtu) for the spring that is at Darij ... Its water-moss covers it, its water is deep and overflowing (50).
And the saying of Allah the Almighty: {Then betake yourselves to (fatayamamu) a clean surface} (51), meaning: intend it. It was then transferred in the convention of the jurists to mean wiping the face and hands with something from the earth (al-sa'id). It is permitted by the Book (Quran), the Sunnah, and consensus (ijma'). As for the Book, it is the saying of the Almighty: {And if you do not find water, then betake yourselves to a clean surface and wipe over your faces and hands with it}. As for the Sunnah, it is the hadith of 'Ammar and others (52). As for consensus, the Ummah has reached consensus on the permissibility of Tayammum in general.
63 - Issue; [Abu al-Qasim] (1) said: (And one performs Tayammum in both short and long travel).
Long travel is that which permits shortening [of prayers] and breaking the fast, and short travel is that which is less than that, from what the name of travel applies to, such as being between two villages that are close or far apart. The Qadi said: If one goes out to a farm (day'ah) of his, and departs from the buildings and houses, even by fifty paces, it is permitted for him to perform Tayammum,
(48) Surah Al-Baqarah 267. (49) Diwan, p. 476, in the poetry attributed to him which did not appear in the manuscripts; it is also in: Al-Lisan (d-r-j, '-r-m-d) 2/315, 7/187, and Mu'jam al-Buldan 3/460. (50) Thus it appears in the copies: "tayamamtu lil-'ayn". That which is in the Diwan and other sources is: "tayamamat al-'ayna", in his discourse about his she-camel, and before the verse: And when she saw that the watering place was her objective... And that the whiteness of her ribs was thirsty. Darij is a place on the road from Yemen to Medina. Al-'armad is the moss that grows on water. Tamin means high/deep. (51) Surah Al-Ma'idah 6. (52) These hadiths will come in Issue 67 and those that follow it; see also for them: Nasb al-Rayah 1/148 and those that follow it. (1) Omitted from [M].
بابُ التَّيّمُّمِ
التَّيَمُّمُ في اللُّغَةِ: القَصْدُ. قالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ} (٤٨). وقال امْرُؤُ القَيْسِ (٤٩):
تَيَمَّمْتُ لِلْعَيْنِ الَّتِى عِنْدَ ضَارِجٍ ... يَفِىءُ عَلَيْها الظِّلُّ عَرْمَضُهَا طَامِى (٥٠)
وقولُ اللهِ تعالى: {فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا} (٥١). أي: اقْصِدُوهُ. ثم نُقِلَ في عُرْفِ الفقهاءِ إلى مَسْحِ الوَجْهِ واليَدَيْنِ بشيءٍ مِن الصَّعِيدِ. وهو جائِزٌ بالكِتَابِ والسُّنَّةِ والإِجْمَاعُ، أمَّا الكِتابُ، فَقَوْلُه تَعالَى: {فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ مِنْهُ}. وأمَّا السُّنَّةُ، فحَديثُ عَمَّارٍ وغَيْرِه (٥٢)، وأمَّا الإِجْمَاعُ، فأَجْمَعَت الأُمَّةُ على جَوازِ التَّيَمُّمِ في الجملةِ.
٦٣ - مسألة؛ قال [أبو القاسم] (١): (ويَتَيَمَّمُ فِي قَصِيرِ السَّفَرِ وطَوِيلِهِ).
طَوِيلُ السَّفَرِ: مَا يُبِيحُ القَصْرَ والفِطْرَ، وقَصِيرُه: ما دُونَ ذَلكَ، مِمَّا يَقَعُ عَلَيْه اسْمُ سَفَرٍ، مِثْلَ أن يَكُونَ بَيْنَ قَرْيَتَيْنِ مُتَقَارِبَتَيْنِ أو مُتَبَاعِدَتَيْنِ. قال القاضِى: لو خَرَجَ إلَى ضَيْعَةٍ لَهُ، ففَارَقَ البُنْيانَ والمَنَازِلَ، ولَوْ بخَمْسِينَ خُطْوَةً جَازَ لَهُ التَّيَمُّمُ،
(٤٨) سورة البقرة ٢٦٧.(٤٩) ديوانه ٤٧٦، في الشعر المنسوب إليه مما لم يرد في المخطوطات، وهو أيضًا في: اللسان (ض ر ج، ع ر م ض) ٢/ ٣١٥، ٧/ ١٨٧، ومعجم البلدان ٣/ ٤٦٠.(٥٠) كذا ورد في النسخ: "تيممت للعين". والذي في الديوان والمصادر الأخرى: "تَيَمَّمَتِ العَيْنَ"، في حديثه عن ناقته، وقبل البيت:ولمَّا رأتْ أنَّ الشَّريعةَ هَمُّها ... وأنَّ البَياضَ مِن فَرائِصِها دَامِوضارج: مكان في الطريق من اليمن إلى المدينة. والعرمض: الطحلب الذي يعلو الماء. وطام: عال.(٥١) سورة المائدة ٦.(٥٢) تأتى هذه الأحاديث في المسألة ٦٧ وما بعدها، وانظر لها أيضًا: نصب الراية ١/ ١٤٨ وما بعدها.(١) سقط من: م.
