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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 1 · Page 380Section

Translation · EN

And if he performs Tayammum with more than two strikes, it is also permissible, because the intended purpose is conveying the dust to the place of the obligation; so however it is achieved, it is permissible, like Wudu.

Section: If the dust reaches his face and hands without striking, such as if the wind blows dust onto him that covers them, if he intended that and brought the intention (Niyyah), it is possible that it would suffice him, just as if he stood in the rain until it flowed over his limbs. The correct view is that it does not suffice him, because he did not wipe with it, and Allah the Almighty has commanded wiping with it. If he wipes his face with what is on his face, it is possible that it would suffice him, because he wiped with dust; and it is possible that it would not suffice him, because Allah the Almighty ordered the intention (qasd) of the Sa'id (earth surface) and wiping with it, and he did not take the Sa'id. If he did not intend the wind nor stand for it, but took something other than what was on his face and wiped his face with it, it is permissible. And if he moved what was on his face of it across his face, it would not suffice him, because he did not take the dust for his face.

Section: If a large amount of dust covers his hands, it is not disliked to blow it off; for in the hadith of Ammar, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) struck the ground with his palms and blew into them. Ahmad said: It does not harm him whether he did it or did not do it. And if it is light, our companions said: It is disliked to blow it off, according to a single narration. If what was on them is gone by blowing, it does not suffice him until he repeats the strike; because he is commanded to wipe with something of the Sa'id.

68 - Issue; he said: (And he strikes with his hands upon the Tayyib Sa'id, which is dust.)

The sum of this is that Tayammum is not permissible except with pure dust that has dust particles that cling to the hand, because Allah the Almighty said: {So perform Tayammum with pure Sa'id and wipe your faces and hands with it}. Ibn Abbas said: The Sa'id is the dust of the earth. And it is said in His saying: {And it will become a slippery Sa'id (1)}: smooth dust. And the Tayyib is: the pure. This is the opinion of Al-Shafi'i, Ishaq, Abu Yusuf, and Dawud. Malik and Abu Hanifah said: It is permissible with everything that is of the genus of the earth, such as quicklime, arsenic (3), and stones. Al-Awza'i said: Sand is of the Sa'id. And Hammad

Notes

(1) Surah Al-Kahf 40. (2) In M, there is an addition: "hal" (state). (3) Al-Zarnikh (arsenic): a stone, of which there are several colors, used by engravers and pharmacists. See: Al-Jami' li-Mufradat al-Adwiyah 2/160.

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