his face, then he struck them a second time and wiped his forearms. Narrated by Abu Dawud (14). Al-Athram narrated from Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: 'One does not perform Tayammum with snow. If one does not find it, then the side of his saddle or the mane (15) of his mount.' Malik and Abu Hanifa permitted Tayammum with a rock that has no dust on it, and with moist soil from which no dust clings to the hand. Malik also permitted Tayammum with snow, gypsum, and everything that has risen on the face of the earth. According to him, it is not permissible to perform Tayammum with the dust of felt or cloth, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), when he struck with his hands, blew upon them. For us, there is the saying of Allah the Almighty: {So wipe your faces and your hands with some of it}. "Min" (with/from) indicates partitive (tab'id), so it is necessary to wipe with a part of it, and blowing does not remove the dust that adheres, and that is sufficient.

Section: If soil is mixed with that which is not permitted for Tayammum, such as quicklime, arsenic, or plaster, the Qadi said: Its ruling is the ruling of water when pure substances are mixed with it; if the soil is predominant, it is permissible, and if the mixture is predominant, it is not permissible. Ibn Aqil said: It is forbidden, even if it is a small amount. This is the school of al-Shafi'i, because it may end up on the limb, preventing the soil from reaching it. This applies to what clings to the hand; as for what does not cling to the hand, it does not prevent it; for Ahmad has explicitly stated that it is permissible to perform Tayammum with barley; this is because nothing from it reaches the hand to form a barrier between the dust and the skin.

Section: If one is in mud and finds no soil, it is narrated from Ibn Abbas that he said: 'He takes the mud and smears his body with it. Once it dries, he performs Tayammum with it.' If he fears the time will pass before it dries, he is like one who lacks it entirely. It is possible that if it will dry soon, he should wait for it to dry, even if the time passes; for he is like one seeking nearby water and is occupied with obtaining it from a well or similar. If he smears his face with mud, it does not suffice him; because the name 'earth' (sa'id) does not apply to it, and because it contains no dust, resembling moist soil.

Section: If he lacks it in all circumstances, he prays according to his condition. This is the view of al-Shafi'i, and he said: