al-Hammal: Abu Abd Allah [Imam Ahmad] was asked about wiping over the kalta [a type of head covering], and he did not view it as permissible; this is because it does not customarily cover the entire head, nor does one persistently keep it on. As for padded skullcaps (qalānis), such as the judge's danniyāt (tall caps) and the nawmiyyāt, Ishaq ibn Ibrahim said: Ahmad said: 'One should not wipe over the qalansuwa (skullcap).' Ibn al-Mundhir said: 'We do not know of anyone who held the view of wiping over the qalansuwa, except that Anas wiped over his qalansuwa.' This is because there is no difficulty in removing it, so it is not permissible to wipe over it, just like the kalta, and because it is lesser than a turban that is not wrapped under the chin (ghayr al-muhannaka) and lacks a pendant (dhu'aba). Abu Bakr al-Khallal said: 'If a person wipes over the qalansuwa, I do not see any harm in it, because Ahmad said in the narration of al-Maymuni: "I personally avoid it, but if someone follows that view, I would not reproach him."' Al-Khallal said: 'How could one reproach him, when it has been narrated from two of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) via authentic chains and with trustworthy reporters?' Al-Athram narrated with his chain of authority from Umar that he said: 'If he wishes, he may uncover his head, and if he wishes, he may wipe over his qalansuwa and his turban.' He also narrated with his chain of authority from Abu Musa that he came out from the privy and wiped over his qalansuwa. This is because it is a habitual garment that covers the head, so it resembles the turban that is wrapped under the chin (al-muhannaka), and it differs from the turban that is neither wrapped under the chin nor has a pendant, for that [the latter] is forbidden.
Section: There are two narrations regarding a woman wiping over her head-covering (miqna'a). One is that it is permissible, because Umm Salama used to wipe over her head-scarf (khimar). Ibn al-Mundhir mentioned this. It has also been reported from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) that he commanded wiping over the leather socks and the khimar. Furthermore, it is a habitual garment for the head that is difficult to remove, so it resembles the turban. The second view is that it is not permissible to wipe over it, for Ahmad was asked: 'How does a woman wipe over her head?' He replied: 'From underneath the khimar, and she does not wipe over the khimar.' He said: 'They have mentioned that Umm Salama used to wipe over her khimar.' Among those who said she does not wipe over her khimar are Nafi',
(18) The kalta or kaluta: a head covering which has clasps and is worn without a turban over it; it is worn by the Sultan, the emirs, and the rest of the troops. Mu'jam Dozy, 387. (19) In M: 'turns/rotates'. (20) The judge's danniyya: his skullcap, likened to a dann (a large vessel). (21) In M: 'and the nawmiyyat.' We do not know what these nawmiyyat are. (22) In the original: 'miqna'iha'. The miqna' and the miqna'a, with a kasra on the letter mim: that with which a woman covers her head.
