istihadah. There is another opinion that the five days are collected for her from all the days of bleeding, so she observes the seventh and the ninth days. The correct opinion is the first one, because these two days are not part of her habit; thus, she does not observe them, unlike the case of the collection (tafliq). If she has a faculty of discrimination (tamyiz), she observes the duration of the black blood among the days, which is her menstruation, and the rest is istihadah. If she is a beginner (mubtadi'ah), she observes the certain duration [of her habit] for three months, from the first blood she sees, or for two months, then after that she transitions to six or seven days. Is the seven days collected for her from fifteen days, or does she observe four days out of seven? There are two opinions, as we have said regarding someone whose habit is seven days. If we say she observes the duration of the blood out of seven, she observes the first, third, fifth, and seventh days. If we assign her six days, the seventh day is dropped. If we say it is collected for her, she adds the ninth, and the eleventh if we say she observes six; and if she observes seven, she adds the thirteenth. Such is the ruling for the forgetful woman. This is one of the two opinions of al-Shafi'i, except that he does not collect the number of her days in one of the two opinions. Al-Qadi said [this applies] to the one with a habit, as we mentioned. Regarding others: what exceeds fifteen days is istihadah, and the days of blood within the fifteen are all menstruation if it recurs. If it is one day [of blood] and one day [of purity], she has eight days of menstruation and seven of purity. If it is in halves, she has seven and a half days of menstruation, and the like of it as purity. This is the opinion of Ibn Bint al-Shafi'i; because the purity on the sixteenth day separates between the menstruation and what follows it, for she is thereafter in the state of the pure women, and we order her to perform prayer and fasting. Our view is that if purity could be distinguished after the fifteenth day, it would have been distinguished before it, like the distinction of color. The ruling in the case where it is in halves or is varied—one day of blood and days of purity, or one day of purity and days of blood—is like the ruling for complete, equal days. However, if the portion in which she first sees the blood is less than the minimum of menstruation, there is an opinion that it is not menstruation until it is preceded by continuous blood that is fit to be menstruation. And if we say that purity prevents what follows it from being menstruation before it recurs, and it comes in the habit,
(20) Abu Muhammad Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah; his mother was Zaynab, daughter of Imam al-Shafi'i. He was a prominent Imam, among the figures of the third century. Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyyah al-Kubra 2/186. (21) In the original: "and like the distinction of".
اسْتِحَاضَةٌ. وفى وَجْهٍ آخَر أنَّه يُلَفَّقُ لها الخمسةُ مِنْ أيَّامِ الدَّمِ جميعِها، فتَجْلِسُ السَّابِعَ والتَّاسِعَ. والصَّحِيحُ الأوَّلُ؛ لأنَّ هَذَيْنِ اليَوْمَيْنِ ليسا مِنْ عادَتِها. فلا تَجْلِسُهُما كغَيْرِ المُلَفِّقَةِ. وإنْ كانتْ مُمَيِّزَةً جَلَسَتْ زَمَانَ الدَّمِ الأسودِ مِن الأيَّامِ، فكان حَيْضَها، وبَاقِيه اسْتِحاضَة. وإنْ كانتْ مُبْتَدَأَةً جَلَسَتِ اليَقِينَ في ثلاثةِ أشْهُرٍ، مِنْ أوَّلِ دَمٍ تَرَاهُ، أوْ في شَهْرَيْنِ، ثم تَنْتَقِلُ بعدَ ذلك إلى سِتَّةِ أيَّامٍ أو سَبْعَةٍ. وهل يُلَفَّقُ لها السَّبْعَةُ مِن خمسةَ عشرَ يومًا، أو تَجْلِسُ أربعةَ أيَّامٍ مِن سبعةِ أيَّامٍ؟ على وَجْهَيْنِ، كما قُلْنا فِيمَنْ عادَتُها سبعةُ أيَّامٍ، فإذا قُلْنا تَجْلِسُ زَمَانَ الدَّمِ مِنْ سَبْعَةٍ، جَلَسَت الأوَّلَ والثَّالِثَ والخَامِسَ والسَّابِعَ، وإنْ أجْلَسْنَاها سِتَّةَ أيَّامٍ سَقَطَ السَّابِعُ، وإنْ قُلْنا تُلَفِّقُ لها، زَادَتِ التَّاسِعَ، والحادِى عَشَرَ إنْ قُلْنَا تَجْلِسُ سِتَّةً، وإنْ جَلَسَتْ سَبْعَةً زَادَت الثَّالِثَ عشَر، وهكذا الحُكْمُ في النَّاسِيَة. وهذا أحَدُ قَوْلَىِ الشَّافِعِىِّ، إلَّا أَنَّه لا يُلَفِّقُ لها عَدَدَ أيَّامِها في أحدِ الوَجْهَيْنِ. وقال القاضِى، في المُعْتَادَة كما ذَكَرْنَا. وفِي غَيْرِها: ما عَبَرَ الخمسةَ عشرَ اسْتِحَاضَةٌ، وأيَّامُ الدَّمِ مِن الخمسة عشرَ حَيْضٌ كُلُّها إذا تَكَرَّرَ، فإنْ كان يومًا ويومًا، فلها ثَمَانِيَةُ أيَّامٍ حَيْضٌ، وسَبْعَةٌ طُهْرٌ، وإنْ كانتْ أنْصَافًا فلها سَبْعَةُ أيَّامٍ ونِصْفٌ حَيْضٌ، وَمِثْلُها طُهْرٌ. وهذا قَوْلُ ابْنِ بِنْتِ الشَّافِعِىِّ (٢٠)؛ لأنَّ الطُّهْرَ في اليومِ السَّادِسِ عشرَ يَفْصِلُ بينَ الحَيْضِ وما بَعْدَه، فإنَّها فيما بَعْدَه في حُكْمِ الطَّاهِراتِ، نَأْمُرُها بالصَّلَاةِ والصِّيَامِ. ولَنا، أنَّ الطُّهْرَ لو مُيِّزَ بَعدَ الخامِسِ عشرَ لَمُيِّزَ قَبْلَه، كَتَمَيُّزِ (٢١) اللَّوْنِ، والحُكْمُ فيما إذا كان أَنْصَافًا أو مُخْتَلِفًا، يومًا دَمًا وأَيَّامًا طُهْرًا، أو يومًا طُهْرًا وأيَّامًا دَمًا، كالحُكْمِ في الأَيَّامِ الصِّحَاحِ المُتَسَاوِيَة، إلَّا أنَّه إذا كان الجُزْءُ الذي تَرَىَ الدَّمَ فيه أوَّلًا أقَلَّ مِن أقَلِّ الحَيْضِ، ففيه وَجْهٌ أنَّه لا يكونُ حَيْضًا حتى يَسْبِقَهُ دَمٌ مُتَّصِلٌ يَصْلُحُ أنْ يكونَ حَيْضًا. وإنْ قُلْنا الطُّهْرُ يَمْنَعُ ما بعدَه مِن كَوْنِه حَيْضًا قبلَ التَّكرَارِ، وجاء في العادَةِ،
(٢٠) أبو محمد أحمد بن محمد بن عبد اللَّه، أمه زينب بنت الإمام الشافعي، كان إماما مبرزا، من رجال المائة الثالثة. طبقات الشافعية الكبرى ٢/ ١٨٦.(٢١) في الأصل: "وكتميز".