This is the view of al-Sha'bi, Ibn Abi Layla, al-Thawri, and Abu 'Ubayd. The Qadi said: The obligatory [amount] is the dower with which the marriage was contracted, whether it was secret or public. He interpreted the words of Ahmad and al-Khiraqi as meaning that if the woman did not acknowledge the secret marriage, then the public dower is established, because it is that with which the marriage was established. This is the view of Sa'id ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz, Abu Hanifa, al-Awza'i, and al-Shafi'i. A similar view is reported from Shurayh, al-Hasan, al-Zuhri, al-Hakam ibn 'Utaybah, Malik, and Ishaq, because the public [announcement] is not a contract, and nothing is necessitated by it. The reasoning for the view of al-Khiraqi is that if he concludes a contract in public after the secret contract, there has occurred from him an offering of more than the secret dower, so that becomes obligatory upon him, just as if he had added to her dower. The implication of what we have mentioned regarding the reasoning for al-Khiraqi's statement is that if the secret dower is more than the public one, the secret dower is obligatory, because it became obligatory upon him by his contract and the public announcement did not nullify it, so its obligation remains. As for if they agree that the dower is one thousand, and that they will conclude the contract for two thousand as a facade, and they do that, then the dower is two thousand, because it is a valid naming in a valid contract, so it becomes obligatory, just as if an agreement to the contrary had not preceded it. This is also the view of the Qadi and the school of al-Shafi'i. There is no difference in what we have mentioned between whether the secret dower is of the same kind as the public one, such as if the secret one is one thousand and the public one is two thousand, or if they are of different kinds, such as if the secret one is one hundred dirhams and the public one is one hundred dinars. When we say that the obligatory dower is the public one, it is recommended for the woman to fulfill for the husband what she promised and stipulated upon herself, in that she would not take anything except the secret dower. Ahmad said, in the narration of Ibn Mansur: If he marries a woman in secret with a dower, and they announce a dower, it is appropriate for them to fulfill it, and the public one is taken. He thus recommended fulfilling the condition, so that deceit does not occur on their part, and because the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "The believers are bound by their conditions." According to the view of the Qadi, if the husband claims a contract in secret by which the marriage was contracted,