And he said: "In the name of Allah." Then he withdrew his hand and said: "Eat, for I am fasting." (2) If it is a voluntary fast, it is recommended for him to eat, because he has the option to break the fast; and since eating entails responding to his Muslim brother and bringing joy to his heart, it is more appropriate. It has been narrated that the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) was at an invitation with a group of people, and one man withdrew to a side, saying: "I am fasting." The Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "Your brother invited you and went to trouble for your sake. Eat, then fast a day in its place if you wish." (3) If he prefers to complete the fast, it is permissible, based on the aforementioned report we narrated, but he should supplicate for them, leave (4), and inform them of his fasting so that they may know his excuse, thus removing any suspicion from him for not eating. Abu Hafs narrated with his chain from Uthman ibn Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, that he responded to Abd al-Mughira while he was fasting, and said: "I am fasting, but I wished to respond to the inviter and supplicate for blessing." And from Abdullah, who said: "If food is offered to one of you while he is fasting, let him say: 'I am fasting.'" If he is not fasting, it is better for him to eat, as it is more effective in honoring the inviter and comforting his heart (5), though it is not obligatory upon him. The companions of Al-Shafi'i said: There is another view, that eating is binding upon him due to the statement of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace): "And if he is not fasting, let him eat." And because the intended purpose of it is eating, so it is obligatory. Our argument is the statement of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace): "If one of you is invited, let him respond. If he wishes, he eats, and if he wishes, he abstains." (6) This is a
= As recorded by Muslim, in: The Chapter: The command to respond to the inviter, from the Book of Marriage. Sahih Muslim 2/1054. And Al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter: What has been mentioned regarding the fasting person responding to an invitation, from the Book of Fasting. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 3/308. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 2/279, 489, 507. (2) Recorded by Al-Bayhaqi, in: The Chapter: The invited person responds while fasting..., from the Book of Mahr (Dowry). Al-Sunan al-Kubra 7/263. And Ibn Abi Shaybah, in: The Chapter: Whoever said, if one of you is invited to food, let him respond, from the Book of Fasting. Al-Musannaf 3/64. (3) Recorded by Al-Bayhaqi, in: The Chapter: Option regarding making up the fast if it was a voluntary fast, from the Book of Fasting. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 4/279. (4) In [copies] B and M: "and bless them." (5) Recorded by Abd al-Razzaq, in: The Chapter: The man who is invited to food while he is fasting, from the Book of Fasting. Al-Musannaf 4/200. And Ibn Abi Shaybah, in: The Chapter: Whoever said, if one of you is invited to food, let him respond, from the Book of Fasting. Al-Musannaf 3/64. (6) Recorded by Muslim, in: The Chapter: The command to respond to an inviter to an invitation, from the Book of Marriage. Sahih Muslim 2/1054. And Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter: What has been mentioned regarding responding to an invitation, from the Book of Food. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/306. And Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter: Whoever is invited to food while he is fasting, from the Book of Fasting. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/557.
وقال: بسم اللَّهِ، ثم قبضَ يدَه، وقال: كُلوا، فإنِّى صائمٌ (٢). وإِنْ كان صومًا تطَوُّعًا، استُحِبَّ له الأَكلُ؛ لأنَّ له الخُروجَ مِن الصَّومِ، فإذا كان فى الأكلِ إجابةُ أخيهِ المسلمِ، وإدخالُ السُّرورِ على قلبِه، كان أوْلى. وقد رُوِىَ أَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- كان فى دَعْوةٍ، ومعه جماعةٌ، فاعتزلَ رجلٌ مِن القومِ ناحيةً، فقال: إنِّى صائمٌ، فقال النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "دَعَاكُمْ أَخُوكُمْ، وَتَكَلَّفَ لَكُمْ، كُلْ، ثُمَّ صُمْ يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ إِنْ شِئْتَ" (٣)، وإِنْ أحبَّ إتْمامَ الصِّيامِ جازَ؛ لما رَوَيْنا مِن الخبرِ المتقدِّم، ولكنْ يدعو لهم، ويَتْرُكُ (٤)، ويُخْبرُهُمْ بصِيَامِه؛ ليعْلَمُوا عُذرَه، فتزولَ عنه التُّهْمَةُ فى تَرْكِ الأكلِ. وقد رَوى أبو حَفْصٍ، بإسْنادِه عن عثمانَ بن عفَّانَ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنه، أنَّه أجاب عبدَ المُغِيرةِ وهو صائمٌ، فقال: إنِّى صائمٌ، ولكنِّى أحْبَبْتُ أنْ أجيبَ الدَّاعىَ، فأدْعُوَ بالبركةِ. وعن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: إذا عُرِضَ على أحَدِكُم الطَّعامُ وهو صائمٌ، فليقُلْ: إنِّى صائمٌ. وإِنْ كان مُفطِرًا، فالأَوْلَى له الأكلُ؛ لأنَّه أبلغُ فى إكْرامِ الدَّاعِى، وجَبْرِ قلبِه (٥). ولا يجبُ عليه ذلك. وقال أصحابُ الشَّافعىِّ: فيه وجهٌ آخرُ، أنَّه يلزمُه الأكلُ؛ لقَوْلِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "وَإِنْ كَانَ مُفْطِرًا فَلْيَطْعَمْ". ولأنَّ المقصودَ منه الأكلُ، فكان واجبًا. ولَنا، قَوْلُ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "إِذَا دُعِىَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلْيُجِبْ، فَإِنْ شَاءَ أَكَلَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ" (٦). حديثٌ
= كما أخرجه مسلم، فى: باب الأمر بإجابة الداعى، من كتاب النكاح. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ١٠٥٤. والترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى إجابة الصائم الدعوة، من كتاب الصوم. عارضة الأحوذى ٣/ ٣٠٨. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٢/ ٢٧٩، ٤٨٩، ٥٠٧.(٢) أخرجه البيهقى، فى: باب يجيب المدعو صائما. . .، من كتاب الصداق. السنن الكبرى ٧/ ٢٦٣. وابن أبى شيبة، فى: باب من كان يقول إذا دعى أحدكم إلى طعام فليجب، من كتاب الصيام. المصنف ٣/ ٦٤.(٣) أخرجه البيهقى، فى: باب التخيير فى القضاء إن كان صومه تطوعا، من كتاب الصيام. السنن الكبرى ٤/ ٢٧٩.(٤) فى ب، م: "ويبارك".(٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق، فى: باب الرجل يدعى إلى طعام وهو صائم، من كتاب الصيام. المصنف ٤/ ٢٠٠. وابن أبى شيبة، فى: باب من كان يقول: إذا دعى أحدكم إلى طعام فليجب، من كتاب الصيام. المصنف ٣/ ٦٤.(٦) أخرجه مسلم، فى: باب الأمر بإجابة الداعى إلى دعوة، من كتاب النكاح. صحيح مسلم ٢٠/ ١٠٥٤. وأبو داود، فى: باب ما جاء فى إجابة الدعوة، من كتاب الأطعمة. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٣٠٦. وابن ماجه، فى: باب من دعى إلى طعام وهو صائم، من كتاب الصيام. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٥٥٧.
