Sur (15), and it was narrated (16) by 'Umar ibn Shabbah (17) in his book "Qudat al-Basra" (Judges of Basra) through several channels (18); one of which is from al-Sha'bi, that Ka'b ibn Sur was sitting with 'Umar ibn al-Khattab when a woman came and said: O Commander of the Faithful, I have never seen a man better than my husband; by Allah, he spends his night in prayer and his day fasting. He sought forgiveness for her and praised her. The woman felt shy and stood up to leave, so Ka'b said: O Commander of the Faithful, why did you not provide the woman justice against her husband? [He said: What is that? He replied: She came complaining about him; if this is his state in worship, when does he have time for her? So 'Umar sent for her husband], (19) and he came. He said to Ka'b: Judge between them, for you have understood from their affair what I did not understand. He said: I see that she is a woman who has three other women with her, and she is the fourth of them; so I judge for her three days and their nights to worship in them, and she has one day and one night. 'Umar said: By Allah, your latter opinion is no more impressive to me than your former. Go, for you are the judge over the people of Basra. In another narration, 'Umar said: You are an excellent judge (20). This is a case that became famous (21) and was not denied, and thus it was a consensus (ijma'). Furthermore, if it were not a right, she would not be entitled to the annulment of the marriage due to its impossibility via castration or impotence, or his refusal via ila'. And if it were not a right for the woman, the husband would have the right to favor one of his two wives with it, just like an increase in maintenance above the mandatory amount. When this is established, our companions said: The right of the wife is one night out of every four, and for the slave-woman, one night out of every seven; because the most that is possible for him to combine with her are three free women, and she has the seventh; and that which is stronger
(15) Sur, with a damma on the sin (the unpointed letter) and a sukun on the waw, as in al-Isaba 5/645 and al-Mushtabih 402. (16) In B and M: "riwayahuma" (narrated both of them). (17) In A, B, and M: "Shu'ba". Shabbah is his father's nickname; he is 'Umar ibn Zayd ibn 'Ubayda al-Numayri, the historian and scholar of hadith, who died in the year 264 or 263 AH. Tarikh al-Turath al-'Arabi 1/2/205. (18) In B and M: "wujud" (existence), which is a distortion. (19) Omitted from B and M. (20) Mentioned by 'Abd al-Razzaq in: The Chapter: "The Right of the Wife Over Her Husband and How Much She Longs for Him," from the Book of Divorce. Al-Musannaf 7/148. Also by Ibn Sa'd in al-Tabaqat al-Kubra 7/52, and by Ibn Hajar in al-Isaba 5/646. (21) In A, B, and M: "intasharat" (spread/became widespread).
سُورٍ (١٥)، وروَاها (١٦) عمرُ بن شَبَّةَ (١٧) فى كتابِ "قُضَاةِ البصرةِ" مِن وُجُوهٍ (١٨)؛ إحداهنَّ عن الشَّعْبِىِّ، أَنَّ كعبَ بنَ سُورٍ كان جالسًا عندَ عمرَ بنِ الخطَّابِ، فجاءتِ امرأةٌ، فقالتْ: يا أميرَ المؤمنيْن، ما رأيتُ رجلًا قَطُّ أفْضَلَ مِن زوجى، واللَّهِ إنَّه لَيبِيتُ ليله قائمًا، ويظَلُّ نهارَه صائمًا. فاسْتَغْفَرَ لها، وأثنَى عليها. واسْتَحْيَتِ المرأةُ، وقامتْ راجعةً، فقال كعبٌ: يا أميرَ المؤمنين، هلَّا أعْدَيتَ المرأةَ على زَوْجِها؟ [فقال: وما ذاك؟ فقال: إنَّها جاءتْ تَشْكُوهُ، إذا كانت حالُه هذه فى العبادةِ، متى يتفَرَّغُ لها؟ فبعَث عمرُ إلى زَوْجِها] (١٩)، فجاء، فقال لكعبٍ: اقْضِ بينهما، فإنَّك فهِمْتَ مِن أمرِهما ما لم أفْهَمْ. قال: فإنِّى أرَى كأنَّها امرأةٌ عليها ثلاثُ نِسْوَةٍ، هى رابعتُهنَّ، فأقْضِى له بثلاثةِ أيامٍ ولياليهِنَّ يتعبَّدُ فيهنَّ، ولها يومٌ وليلةٌ. فقال عمر: واللَّهُ ما رأيُك الأوَّلُ بأعجبَ إلىَّ مِن الآخِرِ، اذْهَبْ فأنتَ قاضٍ على أهلِ البصرةِ. وفى رواية، فقال عمر: نعْمَ القاضى أنتَ (٢٠). وهذه قضيَّةٌ اشْتهرتْ (٢١) فلم تُنكرْ، فكانت إجماعًا. ولأنَّه لو لم يكُنْ حَقًّا، لم تسْتَحِقَّ فسخَ النِّكاحِ لتَعذُّرِه بالجَبِّ والعُنَّة، وامْتناعِه بالإِيلاءِ. ولأنَّه لو لم يكُنْ حقًّا للمرأةِ، لمَلكَ الزَّوجُ تخْصِيصَ إحْدَى زَوْجتَيْه به، كالزِّيادةِ فى النَّفقةِ على قدْرِ الواجبِ. إذا ثبتَ هذا، فقال أصحابنا: حقُّ المرأةِ لَيْلَةٌ من كلِّ أربعٍ، وللأمَةِ لَيْلَةٌ من كلِّ سَبْعٍ؛ لأنَّ أكثرَ ما يُمْكِنُ أن يَجْمَعَ معها ثلاثَ حَرائرَ، ولها السابعةُ، والذى يَقْوَى
(١٥) سُور، بضم المهملة وسكون الواو، كما فى الإصابة ٥/ ٦٤٥، والمشتبه ٤٠٢.(١٦) فى ب، م: "رواهما".(١٧) فى أ، ب، م: "شعبة".وشبة لقب أبيه، فهو عمر بن زيد بن عبيدة النميرى، المؤرخ المحدث، توفى سنة أربع وستين ومائتين، أو ثلاث وستين. تاريخ التراث العربى ١/ ٢/ ٢٠٥.(١٨) فى ب، م: "وجود" تحريف.(١٩) سقط من: ب، م.(٢٠) ذكرها عبد الرزاق، فى: باب حق المرأة على زوجها وفى كم تشتاق، من كتاب الطلاق. المصنف ٧/ ١٤٨، وابن سعد، فى الطبقات الكبرى ٧/ ٥٢. وابن حجر، فى الإصابة ٥/ ٦٤٦.(٢١) فى أ، ب، م: "انتشرت".