those who allowed it [argued] by the word of Allah, the Almighty: {If they, of their own accord, remit any part of it to you, take it as a gift, enjoyed and wholesome}. Ibn al-Mundhir said: Validity in an act other than a contract does not necessitate validity in an exchange, as evidenced by usury; Allah prohibited it in a contract, yet allowed it in a gift. The stronger argument lies with those who prohibited it, as the specificity of the verse regarding prohibition must be given precedence over the generality of the verse of allowance, along with the traditions that support it. And Allah knows best.
Section: As for if he constrains his wife, causes her harm by striking or restricting her, or denies her rights—such as support, turn-taking, and the like—in order that she might ransom herself from him, and she does so, then the Khul' is void and the compensation is to be returned. This is narrated from Ibn 'Abbas, 'Ata', Mujahid, al-Sha'bi, al-Nakha'i, al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, 'Urwah, 'Amr ibn Shu'ayb, Humayd ibn 'Abd al-Rahman, and al-Zuhri. Malik, al-Thawri, Qatadah, al-Shafi'i, and Ishaq also held this view. Abu Hanifah said: The contract is valid, the compensation is binding, and he is sinful and disobedient. Our argument is the saying of Allah the Almighty: {And it is not lawful for you to take anything of what you have given them, except when both parties fear that they will not be able to uphold the boundaries of Allah}. And Allah the Almighty said: {It is not lawful for you to inherit women against their will, nor to constrain them in order to take away some of what you have given them}. Furthermore, it is compensation for which she was coerced into giving up without right, so it is not deserved, like the price in a sale or the wage in a lease. And if he does not possess the right to the compensation, and we say that Khul' is a divorce, the divorce occurs without compensation. If it is less than three [divorces], he has the right to take her back, because the right to take her back was only lost due to the compensation; so when the compensation is dropped, the right to take her back is established. And if we say that it is an annulment, and he...
(9) Surah al-Nisa': 4. (10) In [B], [M]: "wa-abaha" (and He permitted it). (11) In [A]: "taqdimuha" (giving it [the verse] precedence). (12) Omitted from: [Original Manuscript]. (13) Surah al-Nisa': 19. (14) In [B], [M]: "ukrihna" (they were coerced). (15) In the [Original Manuscript]: "ka-l-yamin" (like an oath).
أجازَه بقولِ اللَّهِ سبحانه: {فَإِنْ طِبْنَ لَكُمْ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ نَفْسًا فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيئًا مَرِيئًا} (٩). وقال ابنُ المُنذِرِ: لا يَلْزَمُ مِنَ الجَوَازِ فى غيرِ عَقدٍ، الجوازُ فى المُعاوَضَةِ؛ بدليلِ الرِّبا، حرَّمَه اللَّه فى العَقْدِ، وأجازَه (١٠) فى الهِبَةِ. والحُجَّةُ مع مَن حرَّمَه، وخصوصُ الآيةِ فى التَّحريمِ، يجبُ تقديمُه (١١) على عُمومِ آية الْجَوازِ، معَ ما عَضَدَها من الأخْبارِ. واللَّهُ أعلمُ.
فصل: فأمَّا إنْ عَضَلَ زوجتَه، وضَارَّها بالضَّرْبِ والتَّضييقِ عليها، أو مَنَعَها حُقوقَها؛ من النَّفقةِ، والقَسْمِ، ونحو ذلك، لتَفتدىَ نفسَها منه (١٢)، ففعلتْ، فالخُلْعُ باطلٌ، والعِوَضُ مردودٌ. رُوِىَ ذلك عن ابنِ عبَّاسٍ، وعَطاءٍ، ومُجاهِدٍ، والشَّعْبِىِّ، والنَّخَعِىِّ، والقاسمِ بنِ محمدٍ، وعُرْوةَ، وعمرو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، وحُمَيْدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمنِ، والزُّهْرِىِّ. وبه قال مالكٌ، والثَّورىُّ، وقَتادةُ، والشَّافعىُّ، وإسحاقُ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: العَقْدُ صحيحٌ، والعِوَضُ لازمٌ، وهو آثمٌ عاصٍ. ولَنا، قولُ اللَّهِ تعالى: {وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَخَافَا أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ}. وقال اللَّه تعالى: {لَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَرِثُوا النِّسَاءَ كَرْهًا وَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ لِتَذْهَبُوا بِبَعْضِ مَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ} (١٣). ولأنَّه عِوَضٌ أُكْرِهَتْ (١٤) على بذلِه بغيرِ حقٍّ، فلم يُسْتَحَقَّ، كالثَّمَنِ (١٥) فى البَيْعِ، والأجْرِ فى الإِجارةِ. وإذا لم يَملِكِ العِوَضَ، وقُلْنا: الخُلعُ طلاقٌ. وقعَ الطَّلاقُ بغيرِ عِوَضٍ، فإنْ كان أقلَّ مِن ثلاثٍ، فله رَجْعَتُها؛ لأنَّ الرَّجعةَ إنَّما سقَطتْ بالعِوَضِ، فإذا سقَطَ العِوَضُ، ثَبتتِ الرَّجعةُ. وإن قُلْنا: هو فسخٌ. ولم
(٩) سورة النساء ٤.(١٠) فى ب، م: "وأباحه".(١١) فى أ: "تقديمها".(١٢) سقط من: الأصل.(١٣) سورة النساء ١٩.(١٤) فى ب، م: "أكرهن".(١٥) فى الأصل: "كاليمين".
