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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 10 · Page 275Section

Translation · EN

There is nothing in this chapter more authentic for us (2) than the hadith of Ibn 'Abbas that it is an annulment (faskh). Ibn 'Abbas argued using the words of the Almighty: "Divorce is twice" (3). Then He said: "There is no blame upon them for that which she ransoms herself with" (3). Then He said: "And if he has divorced her, she is not lawful unto him thereafter until she has married another husband" (4). Thus, He mentioned two divorces, the Khul', and a divorce after it; if Khul' were a divorce, it would be four. Furthermore, it is a separation that is devoid of the explicit term of divorce or its intention, so it is an annulment, like all other annulments. The logic of the second narration is that she offered compensation for the separation, and the separation that the husband has the power to initiate is divorce, not annulment; therefore, it must be a divorce. Also, because he used a metonymy (kinayah) of divorce while intending to separate from her, it is a divorce, just like [other forms] outside of Khul'. The benefit of the two narrations is that if we say: "It is a divorce," then if he khala'a her once, it is counted as a divorce, and the number of her divorce counts is reduced (5) (6). And if he khala'a her three times, she is divorced three times and is not lawful to him thereafter until she marries another husband. But if we say: "It is an annulment," she is not forbidden to him, even if he khala'a her a hundred times. This disagreement applies when he khala'a her without the explicit term of divorce and without intending it. However, if she offers him the compensation for their separation, it is a divorce without disagreement. Even if it occurs without the explicit term of divorce, such as through the metonymies of divorce, or the terms of Khul', Mufada'ah (ransom), and the like, and he intends divorce by it, then it is also a divorce, because it is a metonymy coupled with the intention of divorce; thus, it is a divorce, just as if it were without compensation. If he does not intend divorce by it, then that is the case in which the two narrations apply. And Allah knows best.

Section: The terms of Khul' are divided into explicit (sarih) and metonymic (kinayah). The explicit are three terms: "Khala'tu-ki" (I have granted you Khul'), because it is established as such by custom. "Mufada'ah" (I have ransomed you), because the Qur'an has used it in His, the Exalted's, saying:

Notes

(2) Omitted from [B] and [M]. (3) Surah al-Baqarah: 229. (4) Surah al-Baqarah: 230. (5) In [B] and [M]: "fa-yanqusu" (so it reduces). (6) In [A], [B], and [M]: "talaqihi" (his divorce).

Arabic (Source)

ليس لنا (٢) فى الباب شىءٌ أصحَّ من حديثِ ابن عبَّاسٍ أنَّه فَسْخٌ. واحْتَجَّ ابنُ عبَّاسٍ بقوله تعالى: {الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ} (٣). ثم قال: {فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ} (٣)، ثم قال: {فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ} (٤). فذكَر تطْليقتَيْنِ والخُلعَ وتَطْليقةً بعدَها، فلو كان الخُلْعُ طَلاقًا لَكان أربعًا، ولأنَّها فُرقةٌ خَلَتْ عن صَريحِ الطَّلاقِ ونِيَّتِه، فكانت فَسْخًا، كسائرِ الفُسُوخِ. ووَجْهُ الثَّانيةِ أنَّها بَذَلتْ العِوَضَ للفُرقةِ، والفُرْقةُ التى يَمْلِكُ الزَّوجُ إيقاعَها هى الطَّلاقُ دونَ الفسخِ، فوجبَ أن يكونَ طلاقًا، ولأنَّه أتى بكِنَايةِ الطَّلاقِ، قاصدًا فِرَاقَها، فكان طلاقًا، كغيرِ الخُلْعِ. وفائدةُ الرِّاويتيْنِ، أنَّا إذا قُلْنا: هو طَلْقةً. فخالَعَها مَرَّةً، حُسِبَتْ طَلْقةً، فنَقَصَ (٥) بها عددُ طَلاقِها (٦). وإن خالعَها ثلاثًا، طَلُقَتْ ثلاثًا، فلا تَحِلُّ له مِن بعدُ حتى تَنْكِحَ زوجًا غيرَه. وإن قُلْنا: هو فسخٌ. لم تَحرُمْ عليه، وإن خالعَها مائةَ مرَّةٍ. وهذا الخلافُ فيما إذا خالعَها بغيرِ لَفْظِ الطَّلاقِ، ولم يَنْوِه. فأمَّا إن بذَلتْ له العِوَضَ على فراقِها، فهو طَلاقٌ، لا اخْتلافَ فيه، وإن وقعَ بغيرِ لَفْظِ الطَّلاقِ، مثل كناياتِ الطَّلاقِ، أو لفظِ الخُلْعِ والمُفاداةِ، ونحوِهما، ونَوَى به الطَّلاقَ، فهو طلاق أيضًا؛ لأنَّه كِناية نَوَى الطَّلاقَ، فكانت طلاقًا، كما لو كان بغيرِ عِوَضٍ، فإن لم يَنْوِ بِهِ الطَّلاقَ، فهو الذى فيه الرِّوايتانِ. واللَّهُ أعلمُ.

فصل: وألفاظُ الخُلْعِ تَنقسمُ إلى صريحٍ وكِنايةٍ؛ فالصَّريحُ ثلاثةُ ألفاظٍ؛ خالعتُكِ؛ لأنَّه ثبتَ له العُرفُ. والمُفاداةُ؛ لأنَّه وَرَدَ به القرَآنُ، بقوله سبحانه:

Notes

(٢) سقط من ب، م.(٣) سورة البقرة ٢٢٩.(٤) سورة البقرة ٢٣٠.(٥) فى ب، م: "فينقص".(٦) فى أ، ب، م: "طلاقه".

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