Thawr: If the Khul' was pronounced using the word 'divorce,' he has the right of revocation; because revocation is one of the rights of divorce and is not nullified by compensation, like the right of wala' (patronage) with manumission. Our response is His statement, exalted is He: "For that which she ransomed herself" (4). It is only a ransom if she is freed by it from his grip and authority; if he had the right of revocation, she would still be under his jurisdiction. Also, the intent is to remove harm from the woman, so if it were permissible to take her back, the harm would return. It differs from wala', because manumission cannot be separated from it, whereas divorce can be separated from revocation, as in the case before consummation and when the number of pronouncements is completed.
Section: If he stipulates in the Khul' that he has the right of revocation, Ibn Hamid said: The condition is void, but the Khul' remains valid. This is the opinion of Abu Hanifah and one of the two narrations from Malik, because Khul' is not invalidated by the corruption of its compensation, so it is not invalidated by a corrupt condition, like marriage. It is also a term that necessitates irrevocability (baynunah); thus, if he stipulates revocation along with it, the condition is void, like a triple divorce. It is possible that the Khul' is invalidated and the right of revocation is established. This is the explicit text of al-Shafi'i, because the condition of compensation and the condition of revocation are contradictory (5); if they are both stipulated, they fall away, leaving only the divorce itself. Thus, we establish revocation by default, not by condition. Furthermore, he stipulated in the contract something that contradicts its implication, thus invalidating it, as if he had stipulated that he may not dispose of the sold item. If we rule for its validity, al-Qadi said: The specified compensation falls away, because he was not content with it as compensation until he added the condition; if the condition falls, the reduction he made because of it must be added back, making it unknown, so it falls and the specified amount in the contract becomes due. It is also possible that the specified amount becomes due, because they were both satisfied with it as compensation, so no other amount is due, as if it were free from the condition of revocation.
Section: If he stipulates an option (khiyar) for her or for him for a day or more, and the woman accepts, the Khul' is valid, and the option is void. Abu Hanifah held this view regarding when the option is for the man. He said: If he gives the option to the woman, the option is established for her, and the divorce does not occur. Our argument is that the cause for the occurrence of divorce has been found, which is the verbal pronouncement of it,
(4) Surah al-Baqarah 229. (5) In the original manuscript: "yatanafiyan" (they are mutually exclusive).
ثَوْرٍ: إن كان الخُلْعُ بلفظِ الطَّلاقِ، فله الرَّجعةُ؛ لأنَّ الرَّجعةَ مِن حقوقِ الطَّلاقِ، فلا تسْقُطُ بالعِوَضِ، كالوَلاءِ مع العِتْقِ. ولَنا، قوُله سبحانه وتعالى: {فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ} (٤). وإنَّما يكونُ فداءً إذا خرجتْ به عن قَبْضتِه وسُلْطانِه، وإذا كانت له الرَّجْعةُ، فهى تحتَ حُكْمِه، ولأنَّ القَصْدَ إزالةُ الضَّرَرِ عن المرأةِ، فلو جازَ ارْتجاعُها، لعَاد الضَّررُ، وفَارقَ الوَلاءَ؛ فإنَّ العِتْقَ لا يَنْفَكُّ منه، والطَّلاقُ ينْفَكُّ عن الرَّجعةِ فيما قبلَ الدُّخولَ، وإذا أكْملَ العددَ.
فصل: فإن شَرَطَ فى الخُلْعِ أَنَّ له الرَّجْعةَ، فقال ابنُ حامدٍ: يبْطُلُ الشَّرْطُ، ويصحُّ الخُلْعُ. وهو قولُ أبى حنيفةَ، وَإحْدَى الرِّوايتيْنِ عن مالكٍ؛ لأنَّ الخُلْعَ لا يفْسُدُ بكَوْنِ عِوَضِه فاسدًا، فلا يفْسُدُ بالشَّرْطِ الفاسدِ، كالنِّكاحِ، ولأنَّه لفظٌ يقْتضِى البَيْنُونةَ. فإذا شرَطَ الرَّجْعةَ معه، بطَلَ الشَّرْطُ، كالطَّلاقِ الثَّلاثِ. ويَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يبطُلَ الخُلْعُ وتثبُتَ الرَّجْعةُ. وهو مَنْصوصُ الشَّافعىِّ؛ لأنَّ شَرْطَ العِوَضِ والرَّجْعةِ مُتنافِيانِ (٥)، فإذا شَرَطاهما سقَطا، وبَقِىَ مُجَرَّدُ الطَّلاقِ، فنُثْبِتُ الرَّجعةَ بالأصلِ لا بالشَّرْطِ، ولأنَّه شرَطَ فى العَقْدِ ما يُنافِى مُقْتضاه، فأبْطلَه، كما لو شرَطَ أن لا يتصَرَّفَ فى المبيعِ. وإذا حَكَمْنا بالصِّحَّةِ، فقال القاضى: يسْقُطُ المُسمَّى فى العِوَضِ؛ لأنَّه يَرْضَ به عِوَضًا حتى ضَمَّ إليه الشَّرطَ، فإذا سقَطَ الشَّرْطُ، وجَبَ ضَمُّ النُّقْصانِ الذى نقَصَه من أجلِه إليه، فيصيرُ مجهولًا، فيسْقُطُ، ويجبُ المُسمَّى فى العَقْدِ. ويَحْتَمِلُ أن يجبَ المُسمَّى؛ لأنَّهما ترَاضَيا به عِوَضًا، فلم يجبْ غيرُه، كما لو خَلَا عن شَرْطِ الرَّجْعةِ.
فصل: فإن شرطَ الخيارَ لها أو له، يومًا أو أكثرَ، وقَبِلَتِ المرأةُ، صحَّ الخُلْعُ، وبطَلَ الْخِيارُ. وبه قال أبو حنيفةَ، فيما إذا كان الخيارُ للرَّجلِ. وقال: إذا جعلَ الخيارَ للمرأةِ، ثبَتَ لها الخِيارُ، ولم يقَعِ الطَّلاقُ. وَلنا، أَنَّ سَبَبَ وُقوعِ الطَّلاقِ وُجِدَ، وهو اللَّفظُ به،
(٤) سورة البقرة ٢٢٩.(٥) فى الأصل: "يتنافيان".