full}. And He, the Glorified, said: {And his weaning is in two years}. And the Almighty said: {And his gestation and weaning is thirty months}. He did not specify the duration of the gestation here, nor the weaning, so it was understood based on what the other verse explained, and the weaning was established as two years, and the gestation as six months. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "There is no nursing after weaning," meaning after the two years. Thus, the unqualified statement from a human is interpreted based on that as well, and there is no need to describe the nursing; because its generic form is sufficient, just as if one mentioned the category of sewing in a lease contract. If the wet nurse dies, or her milk dries up, she is liable for the equivalent wage (ajr al-mithl) for what remains of the duration. If the child dies, the same applies. Al-Shafi'i said, in one of his two opinions: It does not become void, and she should bring another child for her to nurse in his place; because the child is the beneficiary (mustawfan bihi), not the object of the contract (ma'qudan 'alayhi), so it is similar to if one rented a mount to ride it and it died. Our argument is that it is a contract for an action upon a specific person, so it becomes void with their demise, just as if the rented mount died. Furthermore, the benefit he receives from the milk is determined only by the need of the child, and the needs of children vary and are not regulated, so it is not permissible for another to take his place, just as if he wanted to substitute him during his lifetime. Moreover, it is not permissible to substitute him during his lifetime, so it is not permissible after his death, like the wet nurse, contrary to the rider of the mount. If one of these matters is found before any of the duration has passed, she is liable for the wage of nursing his like. From Malik, there is a view like ours, and from him another: he may not revert to anything. From al-Shafi'i, there is a view like ours, and from him another: he may revert to the dower.
Section: If she enters into khul' with him for the guardianship of his child for ten years, it is valid, even if he does not mention the duration of the nursing
(15) Surah al-Baqarah: 233. (16) Surah Luqman: 14. (17) Surah al-Ahqaf: 15. (18) Its documentation has previously been provided in: 9/ 296. (19) In the copies: "ma'qudan". (20) In the original: "fawajaba". (21) In B and M: "mithluha".
كَامِلَيْنِ} (١٥). وقال سبحانه: {وَفِصَالُهُ فِى عَامَيْنِ} (١٦). وقال تعالى: {وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَاثُونَ شَهْرًا} (١٧). ولم يُبَيِّنْ مُدَّةَ الحَمْلِ ههُنا والفِصالِ، فحُمِلَ على ما فسَّرَتْه الآيةُ الأُخْرَى وجُعِلَ الفصالُ عامَيْن، والحمْلُ ستَّةَ أشْهُرٍ، وقال النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "لَا رَضَاعَ بَعْدَ فِصَالٍ" (١٨). يعنى بعدَ العامَيْنِ، فيُحْمَلُ المُطلَقُ مِن كلامِ الآدَمِىِّ على ذلك أيضًا، ولا يَحتاجُ إلى وَصْفِ الرَّضاعَ؛ لأنَّ جِنْسَه كافٍ، كما لو ذكَرَ جنْسَ الخِياطَةِ فى الإِجارةِ، فإن ماتتِ المُرْضِعَةُ، أو جَفَّ لبنُها، فعليها أجرُ المِثْلِ لما بَقِىَ مِنَ المُدَّةِ. وإن ماتَ الصَّبِىُّ فكذلك. وقال الشَّافعىُّ، فى أحَدِ قَوْليه: لا يَنْفَسِخُ، وأْتيها بصَبِىٍّ تُرْضعُه مكانَه؛ لأنَّ الصَّبِىَّ مُسْتَوْفًى به، لا مَعْقُودٌ (١٩) عليه، فأشْبَهَ ما لو اسْتأْجَرَ دابَّةً ليركبَها فماتَ. ولَنا، أنَّه عَقْدٌ على فِعْلٍ فى عَيْنٍ، فينْفسِخُ بتَلَفِها، كما لو ماتتِ الدَّابَّةُ المُسْتأجَرةُ، ولأنَّ ما يَسْتوفِيه مِنَ اللبنِ إنَّما يَتقدَّرُ بحاجةِ الصَّبِىِّ، وحاجاتُ الصِّبْيانِ تَختلفُ ولا تَنضبطُ، فلم يَجُزْ أن يقومَ غيرُه مَقامَه، كما لو أرادَ إبْدالَه فى حياتِه، ولأنَّه لا يَجوزُ إبدالُه فى حياتِه، فلم يَجُزْ بعدَ مَوْتِه، كالمُرْضِعةِ، بخلافِ راكبِ الدَّابَّةِ. وإن وُجِدَ أحدُ هذه الأمورِ قبلَ مُضِىِّ شىءٍ من المدَّةِ، فعليها أجرُ رَضاعِ مثلِه. وعن مالكٍ كقولِنا، وعنه: لا يرجعُ بشىءٍ. وعن الشَّافعىِّ كقَوْلنا، وعنه: يرجعُ بالمهرِ. ولَنا، أنَّه عِوَضٌ مُعيَّنٌ تَلِفَ قبلَ قَبْضِه، فوجبتْ (٢٠) قيمتُه أو مِثْلُه (٢١)، كما لو خالعَها على قَفِيزٍ، فهلكَ قبلَ قَبْضِه.
فصل: وإن خالعَها على كَفالةِ ولدِه عشرَ سنينَ، صحَّ، وإن لم يذكُرْ مُدَّةَ الرَّضاعِ
(١٥) سورة البقرة ٢٣٣.(١٦) سورة لقمان ١٤.(١٧) سورة الأحقاف ١٥.(١٨) تقدم تخريجه فى: ٩/ ٢٩٦.(١٩) فى النسخ: "معقودا".(٢٠) فى الأصل: "فوجب".(٢١) فى ب، م: "مثلها".