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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 10 · Page 393Section

Translation · EN

Hani, if he says to his wife, 'Your affair is in your hand,' and she says, 'I have accepted,' it is nothing until she specifies. He said: If she says, 'I have taken my affair,' it is nothing. He said: And if he says to his wife, 'Choose,' and she says, 'I have accepted myself,' or she says, 'I have chosen myself,' it is more explicit. The Qadi said: If she said, 'I have chosen,' and did not say, 'myself,' she is not divorced, even if she intended it. And if the husband said, 'Choose,' and did not say, 'yourself,' and did not intend it, she is not divorced, unless she mentions herself, or there is something in the husband's speech or her response that directs the statement toward it; because that is in the status of interpretation, so if it is devoid of that, it is not valid. If she says, 'I have chosen my family,' or 'my parents,' and she intended it, the divorce occurs; because this is suitable as a metonymy from the husband, such as when he says, 'Join your family.' So likewise, it is from her. And if she says, 'I have chosen the husbands,' it is likewise; because they are not lawful except by separating from this husband, and for this reason, it was a metonymy from him in his saying, 'Marry whom you wish.'

Section: If he repeats the word of choice, saying, 'Choose, choose, choose.' Ahmad said: If he is only repeating it to her to make her understand, and his intention is not three, then it is one. But if he intended three by that, then it is three. Thus, he referred the matter to his intention in that. Al-Shafi'i held this view as well. Abu Hanifah said: If she accepts, three occur; because he repeated that which causes the divorce to occur, so it is repeated, as if he had repeated the divorce. We hold that it admits of emphasis, so if he intends it, it is accepted from him, as if he said, 'You are divorced, the divorce.' And if he speaks in absolute terms, it has been narrated from Ahmad that which indicates that it is one, and he owns the right of revocation. This is the choice of the Qadi, and the school of 'Ata' and Abu Thawr; because repeating the giving of a choice does not increase the choice, like the condition of option in a sale. It is narrated from Ahmad, if he says to his wife, 'Choose,' and she says, 'I have chosen myself,' it is one, unless he says, 'Choose, choose, choose.' And this [indicates that she is divorced three times].

Notes

(12) In the original: 'wa-jawabaha'. (13) In A, B, and M: 'li-yufhimaha'. (14) In B and M: 'takarrara'. (15) Omitted from the original.

Arabic (Source)

هانىء، إذا قال لامرأتِه: أمْرُكِ بيدِك. فقالت: قبلتُ. ليس بشىءٍ حتى تُبَيِّنَ. وقال: إذا قالت: أخذتُ أمْرِى. ليس بشىءٍ. قال: وإذا قال لامرأتِه: اخْتارِى. فقالت: قَبِلتُ نفسى. أو قالت: اخْتَرْتُ نفسِى. كان أبْيَنَ. قال القاضى: ولو قالت: اخْتَرْتُ. ولم تَقُلْ: نفسى. لم تَطْلُقْ، وإن نَوَتْ. ولو قال الزَّوجُ: اخْتارِى. ولم يَقُلْ: نفسَكِ. ولم يَنْوِه، لم تَطْلُقْ، ما لم تَذكُرْ نفسَها، ما لم يَكُنْ فى كلامِ الزَّوجِ أو جوابِها (١٢) ما يَصْرِفُ الكلامَ إليه؛ لأنَّ ذلك فى حُكْمِ التَّفسيرِ، فإذا عَرِىَ عن ذلك لم يَصِحَّ. وإن قالت: اخْتَرْتُ زوجى. أو اخْتَرْتُ البقاءَ على النِّكاحِ. أو رَدَدْتُ الخيارَ، أو رَدَدْتُ عليك سَفْهتَكَ. بَطَلَ الخيارُ. وإن قالتْ: اخْتَرْتُ أهلِى. أو أبَوَىَّ. ونَوَت، وقَعَ الطَّلاقُ؛ لأنَّ هذا يَصْلُحُ كنايةً مِنَ الزَّوجِ، فيما إذا قال: الْحَقِى بأهلِك. فكذلك منها. وإن قالت: اخْتَرْتُ الأزْواجَ. فكذلك؛ لأنَّهم لا يَحِلونَ إلَّا بمُفارقةِ هذا الزَّوجِ، ولذلك كان كنايةً منه فى قوله: انْكِحِى مَن شِئْتِ.

فصل: فإن كرَّرَ، لَفْظةَ الخيارِ، فقال: اخْتارِى، اخْتارِى، اختارى. فقال أحمدُ: إن كان إنَّما يُرَدِّدُ عليها ليُفْهِمَها (١٣)، وليس نِيَّتُه ثلاثًا، فهى واحدة، وإن كان أرادَ بذلك ثلاثًا، فهى ثلاثٌ. فرَدَّ الأمْرَ إلى نِيَّتِه فى ذلك. وبهذا قال الشَّافعىُّ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: إذا قَبِلَتْ، وقَع ثلاثًا؛ لأنَّه كرَّرَ ما يَقَعُ به الطَّلاقُ، فتَكَررَ، كما لو كَرَّرَ الطَّلاقَ. ولَنا، أنَّه يَحْتمِلُ التَّأْكِيدَ، فإذا قصَدَه قُبِلَ منه، كما لو قال: أنتِ طالقٌ الطَّلاقَ. وإن أطْلَقَ، فقد رُوِىَ عن أحمدَ ما يَدل على أنَّها واحدةٌ، يَمْلِك الرَّجعةَ. وهذا اخْتيارُ القاضى، ومذهبُ عطاءٍ، وأبى ثورٍ؛ لأنَّ تكْرِيرَ (١٤) التَّخْييرِ لا يَزيدُ به الخِيَارُ، كشَرْطِ الخيارِ فى البيعِ. ورُوِىَ عن أحمدَ، إذا قال لامْرأتِه: اخْتارِى. فقالتْ: اخْتَرْتُ نفسى. هى واحدة، إلَّا أن يقولَ: اخْتارِى، اختارِى، اخْتارِى (١٥). وهذا

Notes

(١٢) فى الأصل: "وجوابها".(١٣) فى أ، ب، م: "ليفهما".(١٤) فى ب، م: "تكرر".(١٥) سقط من: الأصل.

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