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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 10 · Page 395Section

Translation · EN

like the appointed agent. And because if he said, 'I have gifted you these three slaves,' and she said, 'I have accepted one of them,' it would be valid. Thus it is here. If he says, 'Divorce one,' and she divorces three, one occurs. Ahmad stated this as well. Malik and al-Shafi'i held this view. Abu Hanifa said: Nothing occurs; because she did not come with what qualifies as acceptance, so it is not valid, just as if he said, 'I have sold you half of this slave,' and he said, 'I accept the sale for all of it.' We hold that she has effected a divorce that was permitted and [also] other than it, so the permitted one occurs to the exclusion of the other, just as if he said, 'Divorce yourself,' and she divorced herself and her co-wives. If he says, 'Divorce yourself,' and she says, 'I am divorced if Zayd arrives,' it is not valid; because his permission was directed toward the immediate (munjaz), so it does not encompass that which is contingent upon a condition. The ruling for appointing a stranger as an agent in divorce is the same as the ruling for her in all that we have mentioned.

Section: Abu al-Harith reported from him, if he says, 'Divorce yourself in the manner of the Sunnah divorce,' and she says, 'I have divorced myself three times,' it is one [divorce], and he has the most right to take her back. This is only the case because the agency in a wording encompasses the least of what the wording applies to, which is one divorce, especially since the Sunnah divorce, in the correct view, is one divorce, performed during a period of purity in which he has not had intercourse with her.

Section: It is permissible to make the command of his wife in her hand in exchange for compensation, and its ruling is the ruling of that which has no compensation, in that he has the right to retract what he granted her, and that it is invalidated by intercourse. Ahmad said: If his wife says, 'Place my command in my hand, and I will give you my slave [here], and he receives the slave,' and he places her command in her hand, then she may choose as long as he has not had intercourse with her or revoked it; because it is an agency, and agency does not become binding [by the inclusion of compensation, and likewise, granting authority for compensation does not become binding] unless acceptance is attached to it, like a sale.

Notes

(19) In A, B, and M: 'faqala'. (20) Omitted from A, B, and M. (21) Omitted from the original. In A: 'hadha fa-qabada al-'abd'. (22) Omitted from the original. Note for study.

Arabic (Source)

إيقاعَ واحدةٍ، كالمُوكَّلِ، ولأنَّه لو قال: وهَبْتُك هؤلاء العبيدَ الثَّلاثةَ. فقالتْ (١٩): قَبِلْتُ واحدًا منهم. صَحَّ. كذا ههُنا. وإن قال: طلِّقى واحدةً. فطلَّقَت ثلاثًا، وقَعت واحدةٌ. نَصَّ عليه أيضًا. وبه قال مالكٌ، والشَّافعىُّ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: لا يَقعُ شىءٌ؛ لأنَّها لم تأْتِ بما يَصْلُحُ قبولًا، فلم يَصِحَّ، كما لو قال: بِعْتُكَ نصفَ هذا العبدِ. فقال: قَبِلتُ البيعَ فى جميعِه. ولَنا، أنَّها وقَّعَتْ طلاقًا مَأْذونًا فيه، وغيرَه، فوقعَ المأذونُ فيه دونَ غيرِه، كما لو قال: طَلِّقِى نفسَك. فطلَّقَت نفسَها وضرائرَها. فإن قال: طلِّقِى نفسَك. فقالت: أنا طالقٌ إن قَدِمَ زيدٌ. لم يَصِحَّ؛ لأنَّ إذْنَه انْصَرفَ إلى المُنْجَزِ، فلم يَتناولِ المُعلَّقَ على شرطٍ. وحُكْمُ توكيلِ الأجنبىِّ فى الطَّلاقِ، كحُكْمِها فيما ذكَرْناه كلِّه.

فصل: نقَل عنه أبو الحارثِ، إذا قال: طلِّقى نفسَكِ طلاقَ السُّنَّةِ. قالتْ: قد طلَّقتُ نفسى ثلاثًا. هى واحدة، وهو أحقُّ برَجْعَتِها. إنَّما كان كذلك؛ لأنَّ التَّوكيلَ بلفظٍ يتَناوَلُ أقلَّ ما يَقَع عليه اللَّفظُ، وهو طَلْقةٌ واحدةٌ، لا (٢٠) سِيَّما وطلاقُ السُّنَّةِ فى الصَّحيحِ طَلْقةٌ واحدةٌ، فى طُهْرٍ لم يُصِبْها فيه.

فصل: ويَجوزُ أن يَجْعلَ أمْرَ امْرأتِه بيدها بِعِوَضٍ، وحُكمُه حُكمُ ما لا عِوَضَ له، فى أَنَّ له الرُّجوعَ فيما جَعلَ لها، وأنَّه يَبطُلُ بالوَطْءِ. قال أحمدُ: إذا قالت امرأتُه: اجْعَلْ أمرِى بيَدى، وأُعْطيكَ عَبْدِى [هذا. قَبَضَ العبدَ] (٢١)، وجَعَلَ أمرَها بيدِها، فلها أن تخْتارَ ما لم يَطاها أو يَنقضْه؛ وذلك لأنَّه توكيلٌ، والتوكيلُ لا يَلزمُ [بدخولِ العِوَضِ فيه، وكذلك التَّمْليكُ بعوضٍ لا يَلْزَمُ] (٢٢)، ما لم يَتَّصِلْ به القَبُولُ كالبيعِ.

Notes

(١٩) فى أ، ب، م: "فقال".(٢٠) سقط من: أ، ب، م.(٢١) سقط من: الأصل. وفى أ: "هذا فقبض العبد".(٢٢) سقط من: الأصل. نقل نظر.

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