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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 10 · Page 420Section

Translation · EN

divorced." One [divorce] occurs by the immediate act, and another by the stipulation; because he made her being divorced a condition for the occurrence of her divorce, so when the condition is met, the divorce occurs. If she has not been consummated with, she becomes irrevocably divorced by the first, and the second does not occur; because there is no 'iddah upon her, and her revocation is not possible, so her divorce does not occur except as irrevocable, and divorce does not occur through an irrevocable [divorce].

Section: If he says: "I meant by this statement of mine that you would be divorced by what I have inflicted upon you, and I did not intend to initiate a divorce other than that which I performed upon you," he is believed. Is this accepted in the context of a judicial ruling? This is derived into two opinions; one of them is that it is not accepted. This is the school of al-Shafi'i; because it contradicts the apparent meaning, as the apparent meaning is that this is a suspension of divorce upon the condition of divorce, and because his informing her of the occurrence of his divorce upon her contains no benefit. The second view is that his statement is accepted; because what he stated is plausible, so it is accepted, just as if he said to her: "You are divorced, you are divorced," and said: "I intended by the second to confirm it or to inform her."

Section: If he says: "When I divorce you, you are divorced," then he suspends her divorce upon a condition, such as his saying: "If you go out, you are divorced." If she goes out, she is divorced by her going out, then she is divorced another [time] by the stipulation; because he has divorced her after establishing the stipulation. If he had said first: "If you go out, you are divorced," then said: "When I divorce you, you are divorced," and she went out, she is divorced by going out, and she is not divorced by the suspension of divorce upon her divorce; because he did not divorce her after that, nor did he initiate a new divorce upon her; because his initiation of the divorce by going out was before his suspension of divorce upon her divorce, so the condition was not met, and it did not occur. If he says: "If you go out, you are divorced," then says: "If my divorce falls upon you, you are divorced," and she goes out, she is divorced by going out, then she is divorced a second time by the occurrence of the divorce upon her, if she has been consummated with.

Section: If he says to her: "Whenever I divorce you, you are divorced." This is a particle that necessitates repetition, so if he says to her after that: "You are divorced," two divorces occur to her; one by the immediate act, and the other...

Notes

(2) Omitted from: The original. (3) Omitted from: A.

Arabic (Source)

طالقٌ. وقعتْ واحدةٌ بالمُبَاشِرَةِ، وأُخْرَى بالصِّفَةِ؛ لأنَّه جعلَ (٢) تطليقَها شَرْطًا لوُقوعِ طلاقِها، فإذا وُجِدَ الشَّرطُ وقعَ الطَّلاقُ. وإن كانتْ غيرَ مَدْخولٍ بها، بانَتْ بالأُولى، ولم تَقَعِ الثَّانيةُ؛ لأنَّها لا عِدَّةَ عليها، ولا تُمْكِنُ رَجْعتُها، فلا يَقعُ طلاقُها إلَّا بائنًا، فلا يَقعُ الطَّلاقُ ببائنٍ.

فصل: فإن قال: عَنَيْتُ بقولى هذا، أنَّك تكونينَ طالِقًا بما أوْقَعْتُه عليك. ولم أُرِدْ إيقاعَ طلاقٍ سِوَى ما باشَرْتُك به. دِينَ. وهل يُقبَلُ فى الحُكْمِ؟ يُخَرَّجُ على روايتَيْنِ؛ أحدُهما، لا يُقبَلُ. وهو مذهبُ الشّافعىِّ؛ لأنَّه خلافُ الظاهرِ، إذ الظَّاهرُ أَنَّ هذا تعليقٌ للطَّلاقِ بشَّرْطِ الطَّلاقِ، ولأنَّ إخْبارَه إيَّاها بوُقوعِ طلاقِه بها لا فائدةَ فيه. والوجهُ الثَّانى، يُقبَلُ قولُه؛ لأنَّه يَحْتمِلُ ما قالَه، فقُبِل، كما لو قال لها: أنتِ طالقٌ أنتِ طالقٌ. وقال: أردتُ بالثَّانى التَّأكيدَ أو إفْهامَها.

فصل: فإن قال: إذا طلَّقتُكِ فأنتِ طالقٌ. ثم علَّقَ طَلاقَها بشَرْطٍ، مثل قوله: إن خَرَجْتِ فأنتِ طالقٌ. فخَرجتْ، طَلُقَتْ بخُروجِها، ثم طَلُقَتْ بالصِّفَةِ أُخْرَى؛ لأنَّه قد طَلَّقَها بعدَ عَقْدِ الصِّفَةِ. ولو قال أوَّلًا: إن خَرَجْتِ فأنتِ طالقٌ. ثم قال: إن طلَّقْتُك فأنتِ طالقٌ. فخَرجتْ، طَلُقَتْ بالخُروجِ، ولم تَطْلُقْ بتَعْليقِ الطَّلاقِ بطَلاقِها؛ لأنَّه لم يُطلِّقْها بعدَ ذلك، ولم يُحدِثْ عليها طلاقًا؛ لأنَّ إيقاعَه الطَّلاقَ بالخُروجِ كان قبلَ تَعْليقِه الطَّلاقَ بتَطْليقِها، فلم تُوجَدِ الصِّفَةُ، فلم يَقَعْ. وإن قال: إن خَرَجْتِ فأنتِ طالقٌ. ثم قال: إن وقعَ عليك طَلاقِى (٣) فأنتِ طالقٌ. فخرَجتْ، طَلُقَتْ بالخُروجِ، ثم تَطْلُقُ الثَّانيةَ بوقوعَ الطَّلاقِ عليها، إن كانتْ مَدْخولًا بها.

فصل: وإن قال لها: كلَّما طلَّقتُكِ فأنتِ طالقٌ. فهذا حرفٌ يَقْتضِى التَّكْرَارَ، فإذا قال لها بعد ذلك: أنتِ طالقٌ. وقعَ بها طَلْقتانِ، إحْداهما بالمُبَاشِرَةِ، والأُخرى

Notes

(٢) سقط من: الأصل.(٣) سقط من: أ.

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