or anything else. If we declare the occurrence of the three, the perspective is that he described the conditional divorce with what is impossible to describe it with, so the description becomes void, and the divorce occurs, just as if he said: "You are divorced with one divorce that does not reduce the number of your divorces," or "It is not binding upon you." Or if he said to a woman who has reached menopause: "You are divorced according to the Sunnah," or "according to the Bid'ah (innovation)." The explanation of its impossibility is that linking it with a condition requires its occurrence after it, because the condition precedes that which is conditioned; for this reason, if he had stated it absolutely, it would have occurred after it, and connecting it with the particle "fa" in his saying: "fa-anti taliqun" (then you are divorced) requires it to be immediately following it. That the conditional divorce would be after it yet before it is impossible; the description is not valid, so the description becomes void and the divorce occurs, as if he said: "If I divorce you, then you are divorced three times that are not binding upon you." Furthermore, what they mentioned is invalidated by his saying: "If your marriage is dissolved, you are divorced three times before it." Then that which causes the dissolution of her marriage is found, such as breastfeeding, apostasy, or having sexual intercourse with her mother or daughter by suspicion (shubha). Indeed, what they mentioned applies to this, yet there is no disagreement regarding the dissolution of the marriage. The Qadi said: "What they mentioned is a pretext toward the divorce not occurring upon her at all." If he said: "You are divorced three times just before my divorce of you by one occurs," or he said: "You are divorced today three times if I divorce you tomorrow by one," then the discussion regarding these is from another aspect, and it applies to both issues. This is because the occurring divorce necessitates the occurrence of what its occurrence cannot be conceived with, so one must decree the occurrence of [the occurring divorce] rather than that which is linked to it; because that which is linked to it is subordinate, and it is not permitted to invalidate the primary for the sake of the impossibility of the subordinate's fulfillment, so the subordinate alone is invalidated, as if he said during his illness: "If I free Salim, then Ghanim is free." If only one of them could be freed from his third, then Salim is freed alone, and there is no drawing of lots between them, because that might lead to the freeing of the conditioned without the condition, and that is not
(23) In the original, B, M: "faghalat" (a distortion). (24) In A: "the divorce". (25) In A: addition of "he said". (26) In B, M: "so it does not". (27) In A: addition of "and it is the view of the Christians". (28) Omitted from: The original.
دَوْرٍ ولا غيرِه. وإن قُلْنا بوُقوعِ الثَّلاثِ، فوَجْهُه أنَّه وصفَ الطَّلاقَ المُعَلَّقَ بما يَسْتحيلُ وَصْفُه به، فلَغَتِ (٢٣) الصِّفةُ، ووَقع الطَّلاقُ، كما لو قال: أنتِ طالقٌ طَلْقةً لا تَنْقُصُ عَدَدَ طلاقِكِ (٢٤)، أو (٢٥) لا تَلْزَمُكِ. أو قال للآيِسَةِ: أنتِ طالقٌ للسُّنَّةِ. أو قال: للبدعةِ. وبيانُ اسْتحالتِه، أَنَّ تعْليقَه بالشَّرطِ يَقْتضِى وُقوعَه بعدَه؛ لأنَّ الشَّرطَ يَتَقَدَّمُ مَشْروطَه، ولذلك لو أطْلقَ لَوقعَ بعدَه، وتَعْقيبُه بالفاءِ فى قوله: فأنت طالقٌ. يقَتْضِى كونَه عَقِيبَه، وكونُ الطَّلاقِ المُعلَّقِ بعدَه قبلَه مُحالٌ، لا (٢٦) يَصِحُّ الوَصْفُ به، فلَغَتِ الصِّفَةُ، ووقعَ الطَّلاقُ، كما لو قال: إذا طلَّقْتُك فأنتِ طالقٌ ثلاثًا لا تَلْزمُكِ. ثم يَبْطُل ما ذكَرُوه بقولِه: إذا انْفَسخَ نكاحُكِ فأنتِ طالقٌ قبلَه ثلاثًا. ثم وُجِدَ ما يَفْسَخُ نِكاحَها؛ من رَضاعٍ، أو رِدَّةٍ، أو وَطْءِ أمِّها أو ابْنتِها بشُبْهةٍ، فإنَّه يَرِدُ عليه ما ذكَرُوه، ولا خلافَ فى انْفِساخِ النِّكاحِ. قال القاضى: ما ذكَرُوه ذَرِيعةٌ إلى أن لا يَقَعَ عليها الطَّلاقُ جُمْلةً (٢٧). وإن قال: أنتِ طالقٌ ثلاثًا قُبَيْلَ وُقوعِ طلاقِى بك واحدةً. أو قال: أنتِ طالقٌ اليومَ ثلاثًا إن طلّقتُكِ غدًا واحدةً. فالكلامُ عليها من وَجهٍ آخرَ، وهو وَارِدٌ على المسْألتينِ جميعًا، وذلك أَنَّ الطَّلْقةَ المُوقَعَةَ يَقْتضِى وُقوعُها وقوعَ ما لا يُتَصَوّرُ وُقوعُها معه، فيَجِبُ أن يُقْضَى بوُقوعِ [الطَّلْقةِ المُوقَعَةِ] (٢٨) دونَ ما تَعلَّقَ بها؛ لأنَّ ما تَعلَّقَ بها تابعٌ، ولا يَجوزُ إبْطالُ المتْبُوعِ لامْتناعِ حُصُولِ الِتَبَعِ، فيَبطُلُ التابعُ وحدَه، كما لو قال فى مرضِه: إذا أعْتَقْتُ سالمًا فغانم حُرٌّ. ولم يَخْرُجْ مِن ثُلُثِه إلا أحدُهما، فإنَّ سالمًا يَعْتِقُ وحدَه، ولا يُقْرَعُ بينهما؛ لأنَّ ذلك ربَّما أدَّى إلى عِتْقِ المشْروطِ دونَ الشَّرْطِ، وذلك غيرُ
(٢٣) فى الأصل، ب، م: "فغلت" تحريف.(٢٤) فى أ: "الطلاق".(٢٥) فى أزيادة: "قال".(٢٦) فى ب، م: "فلا".(٢٧) فى أزيادة: "وهو مذهب النصارى".(٢٨) سقط من: الأصل.