If he says, "Whoever informs me of my brother's arrival, she is divorced," the Qadi says: It is like 'glad tidings' (al-bisharah); no one is divorced except the first female informant who is truthful, not anyone else, because his intent is a report by which knowledge of his arrival is obtained, and that is not obtained through a lie, nor through anyone other than the first. It is possible that every informant is divorced, whether she is truthful or lying, whether she was the first or otherwise, because a report can be true or false, and first or repeated. This is the choice of Abu al-Khattab. The first view is the opinion of the Qadi. The school of al-Shafi'i follows a similar breakdown to this.
Section: If he says, "The first of you to stand is divorced," or says to his slaves, "The first of you to stand is free," and they all stand at one time, no divorce or emancipation occurs because there is no 'first' among them. If one man or woman stands and no one stands after them, there are two possibilities: one is that the divorce or emancipation occurs (137) because the 'first' is that which nothing precedes, and this is such. The second is that neither divorce nor emancipation occurs because the 'first' is that after which there is something, and that was not found. Based on this, it is not ruled as having occurred or not having occurred until it becomes clear whether someone stands after them, at which point his oath is resolved. If two or three stand at one time, and another stands after them (138), the divorce and emancipation occur with the group who stood first, because the 'first' applies to the many and the few. Allah the Almighty says: {And do not be the first to disbelieve in it} (139). It was narrated from the Qadi regarding one who says: "The first of my slaves to enter is free," and two enter at one time, then a third enters after them (140), that none of them is emancipated. This is far-fetched, for some of them entered after others, and there is no 'first' among them. This is only sound if he said: "The first of you to enter alone." And no one enters after the third, for if someone were to enter after the third, the third would be emancipated for being the first to enter alone. If he does not say 'alone', then the word 'first'...
(137) In M: "wa-al-ʿitq" (and manumission). (138) In the original: "baʿdahu" (after it). (139) Sūrat al-Baqara 41. (140) In the original and A: "baʿdahum" (after them).
ولو قال: مَنْ أخبرَتْنِى بقُدُومِ أخى، فهى طالقٌ. فقال القاضى: هو كالبِشَارَةِ، لا تَطْلُقُ إلَّا المُخْبِرَةُ الأُولَى الصَّادقةُ دونَ غيرِها؛ لأنَّ مُرَادَه خَبَرٌ يَحْصُلُ له به العلمُ بِقُدُومِه، ولا يَحْصُلُ ذلك بكَذِبٍ، ولا بغيرِ الأوَّلِ. ويَحْتَمِلُ أن تَطْلُقَ كلُّ مُخْبِرَةٍ، صادقةً كانتْ أو كاذبةً، أوَّلًا كانَ أو غيرَه؛ لأنَّ الخبرَ يَكونُ صِدْقًا وكَذِبًا، وأوَّلًا ومُكرَّرًا. وهو اختيارُ أبى الخطَّابِ. والأوّلُ قَوْلُ القاضى. ومذهبُ الشَّافعىِّ على نحوِ هذا التَّفصيلِ.
فصل: وإن قالَ: أوَّلُ مَنْ تَقومُ مِنكُنَّ، فهى طالقٌ. أو قال لِعَبيدِه: أوَّلُ مَن قامَ مِنْكمْ، فهو حُرٌّ. فقامَ الكُلُّ دَفْعَةً واحدةً، لم يَقَعْ طلاقٌ ولا عِتْقٌ؛ لأنَّه لا أوّلَ فيهم. وإن قامَ واحدٌ أو واحدةٌ، ولم يَقُمْ بعدَه أحدٌ، احْتَمَلَ وَجْهَيْنِ؛ أحدُهما، يَقَعُ الطَّلاقُ أو العِتْقُ (١٣٧)؛ لأنَّ الأوَّلَ ما لم يَسْبِقْه شىءٌ، وهذا كذلك. والثَّانى، لا يَقَعُ طلاقٌ ولا عِتْقٌ؛ لأنَّ الأوَّلَ ما كان بعدَه شىءٌ، ولم يُوجَدْ. فعلى هذا لا يُحْكَمُ بوُقوعِ ذلك ولا انْتفائِه، حتى يَتَبَيَّنَ من قيامِ أحدٍ منهم بعدَه، فَتَنْحَلَّ يَمِينُه، وإن قامَ اثنانِ، أو ثلاثةٌ، دَفْعَةً واحدةً، وقامَ بعدَهم (١٣٨) آخَرُ، وقَعَ الطَّلاقُ والعِتْقُ بالجماعةِ الَّذينَ قامُوا فى الأوَّلِ؛ لأنَّ الأوَّلَ يَقَعُ على الكثيرِ والقليلِ، قال اللَّهُ تعالى: {وَلَا تَكُونُوا أَوَّلَ كَافِرٍ بِهِ} (١٣٩). وحُكِىَ عن القاضى فى مَن قال: أوّلُ مَنْ يَدخلُ مِن عَبيدِى، فهو حُرٌّ. فدخلَ اثنانِ دَفعَةً واحدةً، ثم دخلَ بعدَهما (١٤٠) ثالثٌ، لم يَعْتِقْ واحدٌ منهم. وهذا بعيدٌ؛ فإنَّهم قد دخلَ بعضُهم بعدَ بعضٍ، ولا أوّلَ فيهم، وهذا لا يَستقيمُ إلَّا أن يَكونَ قالَ: أوّلُ مَن يَدخلُ منكم وَحْدَه. ولم يَدخلْ بعدَ الثَّالثِ أحدٌ؛ فإنَّه لو دخلَ بعدَ الثالثِ أحدٌ، عَتَقَ الثَّالثُ، لكَوْنِه أوّلَ مَنْ دَخَلَ وحدَه، وإذا لم يَقُلْ وحدَه، فإنَّ لفظَةَ الأوَّلِ
(١٣٧) فى م: "والعتق".(١٣٨) فى الأصل: "بعده".(١٣٩) سورة البقرة ٤١.(١٤٠) فى الأصل، أ: "بعدهم".