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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 10 · Page 497Section

Translation · EN

and divorced," and she entered the house, she is divorced three times. This is the opinion of Abu Yusuf, Muhammad, and the companions of al-Shafi'i in one of the two scholarly views. Abu Haniifah said: Only one occurs, because when a conditional divorce has its condition met, it is as if he had issued it at that moment with its condition, and had he issued it as such, only one would have occurred. Our argument is that the condition for the occurrence of three divorces was met, without them being ordered, so the three occurred, just like the one preceding it. If he says: "If you enter the house, you are divorced one divorce, with which there are two divorces," and she enters, she is divorced three times. Some of the companions of al-Shafi'i mentioned the same, and did not report any disagreement among them regarding it.

Section: If he says to a woman with whom the marriage has not been consummated: "You are divorced, then divorced, then divorced, if you enter the house," or: "If you enter the house, you are divorced, then divorced, then divorced," or: "If you enter, you are divorced, and divorced, and divorced," and she enters, she is divorced once, and she becomes irrevocable by it, and nothing else occurs. This is the view of al-Shafi'i. The Qadi held the view that she is divorced immediately once, by which she becomes irrevocable. This is the position of Abu Haniifah in the first scenario, because "thumma" (then) separates the first from what follows it, as it indicates a delay; thus, the first is issued, and the second is contingent upon the condition. Abu Yusuf and Muhammad said: Nothing occurs until she enters the house, at which point three occur, because entering the house is a condition for the three, so they occur, just as if he had said: "If you enter the house, you are divorced, and divorced, and divorced." Our argument is that "thumma" is for conjunction and contains sequencing, so all the divorces were contingent upon the entry, because conjunction does not prevent the attachment of a condition to what is conjoined, and sequencing is mandatory in it, just as it is mandatory if it were not made conditional. In this, there is a refutation of what they mentioned. Furthermore, the first follows the condition, so its occurrence is not necessitated without it, just as if he had not conjoined it to her.

Notes

(36) In A: "in" (if). (37) In A, an addition: "aw: in dakhalti fa-anti ṭāliq thumma ṭāliq ṭāliq. Aw: anti ṭāliq fa-ṭāliq ṭāliq" (or: if you enter, then you are divorced, then divorced, divorced. Or: you are divorced, then divorced, divorced). (38) In the original: "ghayrihi" (other than it). (39) In A: "mutaʿalliqa" (suspended). (40) In the original: "taʿalluq" (suspension). (41) In A, an addition: "kamā law qāla: anti ṭāliq thumma ṭāliq thumma ṭāliq in dakhalti al-dār" (as if he said: you are divorced, then divorced, then divorced if you enter the house). (42) Omitted from M.

Arabic (Source)

وطالقٌ، فدخَلتِ الدَّارَ، طَلُقَتْ ثلاثًا. وبه قال أبو يوسفَ، ومحمّدٌ، وأصحابُ الشَّافعىِّ فى أحَدِ الوَجْهينِ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: يقعُ واحدةٌ؛ لأنَّ الطَّلاقَ المُعَلَّقَ إذا وُجدتِ الصِّفةُ، يكونُ كأنَّه أوْقَعَه فى تلك الحالِ على صِفَتِه، ولو أوْقعَه كذلك، لم يَقَعْ إلَّا واحدةٌ. ولَنا، أنَّه وُجِدَ شَرْطُ وُقوعِ ثلاثِ طَلقاتٍ، غيرِ مُرَتَّباتٍ، فوقعَ الثَّلاثُ، كالتى قبلَها. وإن قال: إذا (٣٦) دخَلْتِ الدَّارَ فأنتِ طالقٌ طلقةً معها طَلْقتانِ. فدخَلتْ، طَلُقَتْ ثلاثًا. وذكَرَ مثلَ هذا بعضُ أصْحابِ الشَّافعىِّ، ولم يَحْكِ عنهم فيه خلافًا.

فصل: وإن قال لغيرِ مَدْخُولٍ بها: أنتِ طالقٌ ثم طالقٌ ثم طالقٌ، إن دخَلْتِ الدَّارَ. أو: إن دخَلْتِ الدَّارَ فأنتِ طالقٌ ثم طالقٌ ثم طالقٌ. أو: إن دخلتِ فأنتِ طالقٌ فطالقٌ فطالقٌ (٣٧). فدخَلَتْ، طَلُقَتْ واحدةً، فبانَتْ بها، ولم يقَعْ غيرُها (٣٨). وبهذا قال الشَّافعىُّ. وذهبَ القاضى إلى أنَّها تَطْلُقُ فى الحالِ واحدةً، تَبينُ بها. وهو قولُ أبى حنيفةَ فى الصُّورةِ الأُولى؛ لأنَّ "ثُمَّ" تقْطعُ الأُولَى عما بعدَها، لأَنَّها للمُهْلَةِ، فتكونُ الأُولى مُوقَعَةً، والثَّانيةُ مُعَلَّقةً (٣٩) بالشَّرْطِ. وقال أبو يوسفَ ومحمدٌ: لا يَقَعُ حتى تَدْخُلَ الدَّارَ، فيقَعَ بها ثلاثٌ؛ لأنَّ دُخولَ الدَّارِ شَرْطٌ لثَلاثٍ، فوقَعتْ، كما لو قال: إن دخَلْتِ الدَّارَ فأنتِ طالقٌ وطالقٌ وطالقٌ. ولَنا، أَنَّ "ثُمَّ" للعطِف، وفيها تَرْتيبٌ، فتعلَّقتِ التَّطْليقاتُ كلُّها بِالدُّخولِ؛ لأنَّ العطفَ لا يَمْنعُ تَعْليقَ (٤٠) الشَّرطِ بالمعْطوفِ عليه (٤١)، ويَجِبُ التَّرْتيبُ فيها، كما يجبُ لو لم يُعلِّقْه بالشَّرْطِ، وفى هذا انْفِصالٌ عما ذكَرُوه، ولأنَّ الأُولَى تَلِى الشَّرْطِ، فلم يجبُ وُقوعُها بدُونِه، كما لو (٤٢) لم يَعْطِفْ عليها،

Notes

(٣٦) فى أ: "إن".(٣٧) فى أزيادة: "أو: إن دخلت فأنت طالق ثم طالق طالق. أو: أنت طالق فطالق طالق".(٣٨) فى الأصل: "غيره".(٣٩) فى أ: "متعلقة".(٤٠) فى الأصل: "تعلق".(٤١) فى أزيادة: "كما لو قال: أنت طالق ثم طالق ثم طالق إن دخلت الدار".(٤٢) سقط من: م.

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