ShamelaTranslate
Search
Sign in
ShamelaTranslate

© 2026 ShamelaTranslate. Scholarly Open-Access Project.

AboutContactDonateImprintPrivacyTermsRight of WithdrawalCancel a subscription
Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 10 · Page 506Section

Translation · EN

And if his writing were removed by erasing or otherwise, and the paper arrived, she is not divorced because it is not a letter. Likewise, if what is in it is obscured by sweat or otherwise, because a letter is an expression for that which contains writing. If its margins are gone or a piece of it is torn, it does not exclude it from being a letter, and if the remainder arrives, she is divorced because the remainder is a letter. If part of what is in it of writing is torn, other than the part that mentions the divorce, and it arrives, she is divorced because the intended meaning remains, so the designation applies to it. If the part that mentions the divorce is torn and gone, and the remainder arrives, she is not divorced because the intended meaning is gone. If he says to her: "If my divorce comes to you, you are divorced," then he writes to her: "If my letter comes to you, you are divorced," and the letter comes to her, she is divorced twice because of the existence of the two conditions in the arrival of the letter. If he says: "I intended, when my letter comes to you, you are divorced by that divorce which I suspended," he is considered honest regarding his relationship with Allah. Is this accepted in a legal judgment? It is derived from two reports.

Section: A letter does not establish divorce except through two just witnesses that this is his letter. Ahmad said, in the report of Harb, regarding a woman who received a letter from her husband in his handwriting and with his seal [stating] a divorce: "She may not remarry until just witnesses testify before her." It was said to him: "What if the bearer of the letter testifies?" He said: "No, unless there are two witnesses." He did not accept the testimony of the letter's bearer alone until someone else testified with him, because documents proving rights are only established by two witnesses, like the letter of a past [judge]. The outward appearance of Ahmad's speech is that the letter is established with her by their testimony before her, even if they do not testify to it before the judge, because its effect concerns her waiting period and the permissibility of remarriage after its expiration, and this is a matter that concerns her and no right over others is established by it, so her hearing the testimony is sufficient for it. Even if two witnesses testify that this is the handwriting

Notes

(43) In B: "al-kitaba". (44) Al-kaghid: paper. (45) In M: "al-ism". (46) In A, B, and M: "bihi". (47) In the original: "haqqan".

Arabic (Source)

ذهبَتْ كتابَتُه (٤٣) بمَحْوٍ، أو غيرِه، ووصلَ الكاغَدُ (٤٤)، لم تَطْلُقْ؛ لأنَّه ليس بكتابٍ. وكذلك إن انْطَمَسَ ما فيه لعَرَقٍ، أو غيرِه؛ لأنَّ الكتابَ عبارةٌ عمَّا فيه الكِتابَةُ. وإن ذَهَبَتْ حَواشِيه، أو تَخَرَّقَ منه شىءٌ، لا يُخْرِجُه عن كَوْنِه كتابًا، ووصلَ بَاقِيه، طَلُقَتْ؛ لأنَّ الباقِىَ كتابٌ. وإن تَخَرَّقَ بعضُ ما فيه الكتابة، سِوَى ما فيه ذِكْرُ الطَّلاقِ، فوصَلَ، طَلُقَتْ؛ لأنَّ المقْصودَ (٤٥) باقٍ، فَيَنْصَرِفُ الاسمُ إليه. وإن تَخَرّقَ ما فيه ذِكْرُ الطَّلاقِ، فذَهَبَ، ووصلَ بَاقِيه، لم تَطْلُقْ؛ لأنَّ المقصودَ ذاهبٌ. فإنْ قال لها: إذا أتاكِ طَلاقِى، فأنتِ طالقٌ. ثم كتَبَ إليها: إذا أتاكِ كتابِى، فأنتِ طالقٌ. فأتاها الكتابُ، طَلُقَتْ طَلْقتَيْنِ؛ لوُجودِ الصِّفتَيْنِ فى مَجِىءِ الكتابِ. فإن قال: أردتُ إذا أتاكِ كتابى، فأنتِ طالقٌ بذلك الطّلاقِ الذى عَلَّقْتُه. دِينَ. وهل يُقبَلُ فى الحُكمِ؟ يُخَرَّجُ على روايتَيْنِ.

فصل: ولا يَثبُتُ الكتابُ بالطَّلاقِ إلَّا بشاهدَيْنِ عَدْلَيْنِ، أنَّ هذا كِتابُه. قال أحمدُ، فى روايةِ حَرْبٍ؛ فى امرأةٍ أتاها كتابُ زوجِها بخطِّه وخاتَمِه بالطَّلاقِ: لا تَتَزَوَّجُ حتى يَشْهَدَ عندَها شهودٌ عَدُولٌ. قيل له: فإنْ شَهِدَ حاملُ الكتابِ؟ قال: لَا، إلَّا شاهدانِ. فلم يَقْبَلْ قولَ حاملِ الكِتابِ وحْدَه، حتى يشهدَ معه غيرُه؛ لأنَّ الكُتُبَ المُثْبِتَةَ للحقوقِ لا تَثْبُتُ إلَّا بشاهدَيْنِ، ككتابِ المَاضى. وظاهرُ كلامِ أحمدَ، أَنَّ الكتابَ يثْبُتُ عندَها بشهادَتِهِما بين يَدَيْها، وإِنْ لم يشْهدَا به عندَ الحاكمِ؛ لأنَّ أثرَه فى حقِّها فى العِدَّةِ، وجوازِ التَّزْويج بعدَ انْقضائِها، وهذا معنًى يَخْتصُّ بها (٤٦) لا يَثبُتُ به حقٌّ (٤٧) على الغَيْرِ، فاكْتُفِىَ فيه بسَماعِها للشَّهادةِ. ولو شَهِدَ شاهدانِ، أَنَّ هذا خَطُّ

Notes

(٤٣) فى ب: "الكتابة".(٤٤) الكاغد: الورق.(٤٥) فى م: "الاسم".(٤٦) فى أ، ب، م: "به".(٤٧) فى الأصل: "حقا".

PreviousVolume 10 · Page 506Next
Previous10·506Next