a third of a divorce, a sixth of a divorce,' or 'You are half of a divorced woman.' One divorce occurs for her, based on our position regarding the statement 'You are the divorce': that it is an explicit formula for divorce, and this is similar to it.
Section: If he says to four wives of his: 'I have caused a divorce to occur among you,' each one of them is divorced by one divorce. This is what al-Hasan, al-Shafi'i, Ibn al-Qasim, Abu 'Ubayd, and the jurists (Ashab al-Ra'y) stated; because the wording implies dividing it among them, so that each one receives a quarter, then it is completed. If he says: 'Among you is a divorce,' it is the same. Ahmad explicitly stated this, because its meaning is 'I have caused a divorce to occur among you.' If he says: 'I have caused two divorces to occur among you,' one divorce occurs for each one. Abu al-Khattab mentioned this, and it is the position of Abu Hanifa and al-Shafi'i. Abu Bakr and al-Qadi said: Each one is divorced by two divorces. It is reported from Ahmad what indicates this, for it was narrated from him, regarding a man who said: 'I have caused three divorces to occur among you': 'I do not see but that they have become irrevocably divorced from him'; because when we divide each divorce among them, each one receives two parts of two divorces, then it is completed. The first (view) is more appropriate; because if he said: 'You are divorced half of two divorces,' she is divorced by one, and her share of the divorce is completed in one, so each one has a half, then it is completed as a single divorce. Division by parts only occurs with differences, such as with houses and similar items that are non-uniform; however, uniform quantities of a type, like currency, are divided by the number of heads (per capita). The share of each one is completed from one, like four people having two valid dirhams, for it is assigned to each one a half of one dirham, and there is no difference between divorces. Furthermore, what we have mentioned involves taking the path of certainty, so it is better than causing an extra divorce based on doubt. If he intended the division of each divorce among them, it is according to what Abu Bakr said. If he says: 'I have caused three divorces to occur among you' or 'four divorces,' then according to our position, she is divorced
(12) In M: "completed". (13) In A, M: "and it is narrated". (14) In B: "completed". (15) In A: "the uniform". (16) In B: "per capita". (17) In B there is an addition: "valid".
ثُلُثُ طلقةٍ سُدسُ طلقةٍ، أو أنتِ نصفُ طالقٍ. وقعَ بها طَلْقةٌ؛ بِناءً على قولِنا فى: أنتِ الطَّلاقُ. أنَّه صريحٌ فى الطّلاقِ، وههُنا مثلُه.
فصل: فإن قال لأربعِ نِسْوةٍ له: أوْقَعْتُ بينَكُنَّ طَلْقةً. طَلُقَتْ كلُّ واحدةٍ منهنَّ طَلْقةً. كذلك قال الحسنُ، والشَّافعىُّ، وابنُ القاسمِ، وأبو عُبَيدٍ، وأصحابُ الرَّأْىِ؛ لأنَّ اللَّفْظَ اقْتضَى قَسْمَها بينهنَّ، لكلِّ واحدةٍ رُبْعُها، ثم تُكمَّلُ (١٢). وإن قال: بيْنكُنَّ طَلْقةٌ. فكذلك. نَصَّ عليه أحمدُ؛ لأنَّ مَعْناه أوْقَعْتُ بينَكُنَّ طلقةً. وإن قال: أوْقَعْتُ بينَكُنَّ طَلْقتينِ. وقعَ بكلِّ واحدةٍ طَلْقةٌ. ذكَره أبو الخَطَّابِ. وهو قولُ أبى حنيفةَ، والشّافعىِّ. وقال أبو بكرٍ، والقاضى: تَطْلُقُ كلُّ واحدةٍ طَلْقتينِ. ورُوِىَ (١٣) عن أحمدَ ما يَدُلُّ عليه، فإنَّه رُوىَ عنه، فى رجلٍ قال: أوْقَعْتُ بينَكُنَّ ثلاثَ تطْليقاتٍ: ما أرَى إلَّا قد بِنَّ منه؛ لأنَّنا إذا قَسَمْنَا كلَّ طَلْقةٍ بيهنَّ، حَصَلَ لكلِّ واحدةٍ جُزْءانِ من طَلْقتينِ، ثم تُكَمَّلُ (١٤). والأوّلُ أوْلَى؛ لأنَّه لو قال: أنتِ طالقٌ نِصفَ طَلْقتين. طَلُقَتْ واحدةً، ويُكَمَّلُ نَصِيبُها من الطَّلاقِ فى واحدةٍ، فيكونُ لكلِّ واحدةٍ نصفٌ، ثم يُكَمَّلُ طلقةً واحدةً، وإنَّما يُقْسَمُ بالأجْزاءِ مع الاخْتلافِ، كالدُّورِ ونحوِها من المُخْتَلِفاتِ، أما الجُمَلُ المُتَساوِيةُ (١٥) من جنسٍ كالنُّقُودِ، فإنَّما تُقْسَمُ بِرُءُوسِها (١٦). ويُكَمَّلُ نصيبُ كلِّ واحدٍ من واحدٍ، كأربعةٍ لهم دِرْهَمانِ صحيحانِ، فإنه يُجعَلُ لكلِّ واحدٍ نصفٌ مِن درهمٍ (١٧) واحدٍ، والطَّلقاتُ لا اختلافَ فيها؛ ولأنَّ فيما ذكرناه أخْذًا باليَقينِ، فكان أوْلَى من إيقاعِ طَلْقةٍ زائدةٍ بالشَّكِّ. فإن أرادَ قِسْمَةَ كلِّ طَلْقةٍ بينهنَّ، فهو على ما قال أبو بكرٍ. وإن قال: أوْقَعْتُ بينَكُنَّ ثلاثَ طلقاتٍ، أو أربعَ طلقاتٍ. فعلى قَوْلِنا: تَطْلُقُ
(١٢) فى م: "تكملت".(١٣) فى أ، م: "ويروى".(١٤) فى ب: "كمل".(١٥) فى أ: "المساوية".(١٦) فى ب: "رءوسها".(١٧) فى ب زيادة: "صحيح".
