How, then, could he be a confessor while he explicitly states, "I do not know which of the two is the free one"? We only deemed it sufficient in maintaining the servitude of his slave by the possibility of the breach occurring regarding his companion. So, when the two slaves become his, and one of them is free without being specified, it becomes as if they were both his, and he had sworn to the emancipation of one of them alone; therefore, drawing lots between them is done at that time. If the swearer were one person and said: "If it is a crow, my slave is free, and if it is not a crow, my slave-woman is free," and its state is not known, lots are drawn between them, and one of them is set free. If one of them claims that he is the one who was freed, or if each of them claims that, the word is the master’s word, accompanied by his oath.
Section: If he says, "If it is a crow, this one is divorced, and if it is not a crow, the other one is divorced," and it flies away and its state is not known, one of them has been divorced. Consequently, sexual intercourse with both of them is prohibited for him, and he is held responsible for their maintenance until the divorced one among them is determined, because they are both withheld for his sake due to his right. Our companions held that he should draw lots between them, and the divorced one among them is determined by the drawing of lots, similar to our statement regarding slaves. The correct view is that the drawing of lots has no place here, for reasons we will mention later regarding when he divorces one and forgets which one she is. This is the opinion of the majority of scholars. According to this, the prohibition remains for both of them until he knows which one of them is the divorced one, and he is held responsible for their maintenance. If he says, "This is the one in which I committed the breach," she is prohibited to him, and his word is accepted regarding the permissibility of the other. If the one for whose divorce he did not confess claims that she is the divorced one, the word is his, because he is a denier. And does he take an oath? This is derived from two narrations.
Section: If he says, "If it is a crow, my wives are divorced, and if it is not a crow, my slaves are free," and it flies away and its state is not known, he is prevented from disposing of either of the two estates until it becomes clear, and he is responsible for the maintenance of all of them. If he says, "It was a crow," his wives are divorced and his slaves remain in servitude. If the slaves claim that it was not a crow so that they might be freed, the word is his. And does he take an oath? This is derived from two narrations. If he says, "It was not a crow," his slaves are freed and the wives are not divorced. If they [the wives] claim that it was a crow so that they might be divorced,
(12) In M: "the total/all". (13) Omitted from M. (14) In A: "his wives".
فكيفى يَكونُ مُعتَرِفًا، مع تَصْريحِه بأنَّنى لا أعْلمُ الحُرَّ منهما؟ وإنَّما اكْتَفيْنا فى إبْقاءِ رِقِّ عبدِه باحتمالِ الحِنْثِ فى حقِّ صاحبِه، فإذا صارَ العَبْدانِ له، وأحدُهما حُرٌّ، لا بعَيْنِه، صارَ كأنَّهُما كانا له، فَحَلَفَ بِعِتْقِ أحدِهما وحدَه، فيُقْرَعُ بينهما حينَئِذٍ. ولو كان الحالفُ واحدًا، فقال: إنْ كان غُرابًا، فعَبْدِى حُرٌّ، وإن لم يكن غُرابًا، فَأَمَتِى حُرَّةٌ. ولم يُعْلَمْ حالُه، فإنَّه يُقْرَعُ بينهما، فَيَعْتِقُ أحدُهما. فإن ادَّعَى أحدُهما أنَّه الذى عَتَقَ، أو ادَّعَى كلُّ واحدٍ منهما ذلك، فالقَوْلُ قولُ السَّيِّدِ مع يَمِينِه.
فصل: وإن قال: إنْ كان غُرابًا، فهذه طالِقٌ، وإن لم يَكُنْ غُرابًا، فهذه الأُخْرَى طالقٌ. فطارَ ولم يُعْلَمْ حالُه، فقد طَلُقَتْ إحْدَاهما، فيَحْرُمُ عليه قُرْبَانُهما، ويُؤْخَذُ بنَفَقَتِهِما حتى تَبِينَ المُطَلَّقَةُ منهما؛ لأنَّهما مَحْبُوسَتانِ عليه لحقِّه. وذهبَ أصْحابُنا إلى أنَّه يُقْرِعُ بينهما، فتَخرُجُ بالقُرعةِ المُطَلَّقةُ منهما، كقَوْلنا فى العَبِيدِ. والصَّحيحُ أَنَّ القُرْعةَ لا مَدْخَلَ لها ههنا؛ لما سنذْكُرُه فيما إذا طلَّقَ واحدةً وأُنْسِيَها. وهو قولُ أكثرِ أهلِ العلمِ. فعلى هذا، يَبْقَى التَّحْريمُ فيهما إلى أن يَعلَمَ المُطلَّقةَ منهما، ويُؤخَذُ بنفقتِهِما. فإن قال: هذه التى حَنِثْتُ فيها. حَرُمَتْ عليه، ويُقْبَلُ قولُه فى حِلِّ الأُخْرَى. فإن ادَّعَتِ التى لم يَعْترِفْ بطلاقِها أنَّها المُطَلَّقةُ، فالقولُ قولُه؛ لأنَّه مُنْكِرٌ. وهل يَحْلِفُ؟ يُخرَّجُ على روايتَيْنِ.
فصل: فإن قال: إن كان غُرابًا، فنساؤُه طوالِقُ، وإِنْ لم يكُن غُرابًا، فعَبِيدُه أحْرارٌ. وطارَ ولم يُعْلَمْ حالُه، مُنِعَ مِن التَّصرُّفِ فى المِلْكَينِ، حتى يَتَبيَّنَ، وعليه نَفَقَةُ الجميعِ (١٢). فإنْ قال: كان غُرابًا. طَلُقَ نساؤُه، ورَقَّ عبيدُه. فإن ادَّعَى العَبِيدُ (١٣) أنَّه لم يكُنْ غُرابًا ليَعْتِقُوا، فالقولُ قولُه. وهل يَحلِفُ؟ يُخرَّجُ على رِوايتَيْنِ. وإن قال: لم يكُنْ غرابًا. عَتَقَ عبيدُه، ولم تَطْلُقِ النِّساءُ (١٤)، فإن ادّعَيْنِ أنَّه كان غُرابًا لِيَطْلُقْنَ،
(١٢) فى م: "الجمع".(١٣) سقط من: م.(١٤) فى أ: "نساؤه".