If they differ regarding the existence of the defect, such as if there is a whiteness on his body that could be vitiligo (bahaq) or a liver condition (marar), and they disagree on whether it is leprosy (baras), or he has signs of leprosy, such as the loss of eyebrow hair, and they disagree on whether it is leprosy: if the claimant has evidence from experts and trustworthy persons who testify in their favor regarding what they claimed, their statement is upheld. Otherwise, the denier takes an oath, and their word is accepted, due to the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "However, the oath is upon the one who denies." If they differ regarding women's defects, it is shown to trustworthy women, and the testimony of one woman is accepted in this. If she testifies to what the husband stated, it is so; otherwise, the word of the woman is accepted. As for insanity, it establishes the option (to annul), whether it is chronic or happens at times, because the soul does not find tranquility with one who is in this state, unless they are ill with fainting that then passes, for that is a sickness by which no option is established. If the sickness passes but the fainting persists, it is like insanity, and an option is established by it. As for castration (jabb), it is that his entire penis is cut off, or nothing remains of it except that which cannot be used for intercourse. If there remains of it that which allows intercourse and the measure of the glans enters the vagina, she has no option, because intercourse is possible. If they differ on that, the word of the woman is accepted because it is weakened by the cutting, and the default is the absence of intercourse. It is possible that his word is accepted, as if he claimed intercourse in the case of impotence ('unna), and because he possesses that which can be used for intercourse, so he resembles one who has a short penis.

Third Chapter: No option is established for other than what we have mentioned, because it does not prevent the enjoyment contracted upon, nor is its transmission feared, so the marriage is not annulled by it, such as blindness and lameness.