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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 11 · Page 13Section

Translation · EN

or until you guarantee for me my child, or you gift me your house, or until your father sells me his house, or similar to that. This is Ila' (vow of abstention), because his taking of her wealth or someone else's wealth without the owner's consent is prohibited; thus, it is treated in the same manner as drinking wine. If he says, "By Allah, I will not have intercourse with you until I give you wealth," or, "I do a favor for you," it is not Ila', because his doing so is neither prohibited nor impossible, so it is treated in the same manner as his saying, "Until I fast a day."

Section: If he says, "By Allah, I will not have intercourse with you except with your consent," he is not a Muli, because he can have intercourse with her without breaking the oath, and because he is being righteous in that he has compelled himself to avoid displeasing her. By this analogy, any situation in which he can have intercourse without breaking the oath, such as his saying, "By Allah, I will not have intercourse with you while you are coerced, or sad," and the like, he is not a Muli. If he says, "By Allah, I will not have intercourse with you while you are sick," he is not a Muli for that, unless she has an illness from which recovery is not expected, or which will not subside within four months, in which case it is appropriate that he be considered a Muli, because he has sworn to abstain from having intercourse with her for four months. If he says that to her while she is healthy, and she then becomes ill with an illness from which she could recover before four months, he does not become a Muli. If recovery is not expected within that time, he becomes a Muli. Likewise, if it is predominantly likely that it will not subside within four months, he becomes a Muli, because this is tantamount to an ailment whose cessation is not expected. If he says, "By Allah, I will not have intercourse with you while you are menstruating, in the postnatal period, in the state of Ihram, or fasting," and similar to this, he is not a Muli, because that is prohibited and forbidden by law, and he has merely emphasized his own prohibition of it with his oath. If he says, "By Allah, I will not have intercourse with you while you are pure (not menstruating)," or, "I will not have intercourse with you in a permissible manner," he becomes a Muli, because he is swearing to abstain from the intercourse that is demanded of him during the reconciliation period (Fay'), so he is a Muli, just as if he said, "By Allah, I will not have intercourse with you in your vagina." If he says, "By Allah, I will not have intercourse with you at night," or, "By Allah, I will not have intercourse with you during the day," he is not a Muli, because intercourse is possible without breaking the oath. If he says, "By Allah, I will not have intercourse with you in this town," or, "in this house," or similar to that regarding specific places, he is not a Muli. This is the position of Al-Thawri, Al-Awza'i, Al-Shafi'i, Al-Nu'man, and his two companions. Ibn Abi Layla and Ishaq said: He is

Notes

(35) In [A]: "wa-nahwu" (and similar to).

Arabic (Source)

حتى تَكْفُلِى وَلَدِى. أو: تَهبِينِى دَارَكِ. أو: حتى يَبِيعَنِى أبوكِ دَارَه. أو: نحو (٣٥) ذلك. فهذا إِيلاءٌ؛ لأَنَّ أخْذَه لِمَالِها أو مالِ غيرِها مِن غيرِ رِضىَ صاحِبِه مُحَرَّمٌ، فجَرَى مَجْرَى شُرْبِ الخَمْرِ. وإِنْ قال: واللَّهِ لا أَطَأُكِ حتى أُعْطِيَكِ مالًا. أو: أفْعَلَ فى حَقِّكِ جَمِيلًا. لم يكنْ إيلاءً؛ لأنَّ فِعْلَه لذلك ليس بِمُحَرَّمٍ ولا مُمْتَنِعٍ، فجرَى مَجْرَى قَوْلِه: حتى أصومَ يَوْمًا.

فصل: وإِنْ قال: واللَّهِ لا وَطِئْتُكِ إلَّا برِضاكِ. لم يكنْ مُولِيًا؛ لأنَّهُ يُمْكِنُه وَطْأُها بغيرِ حِنْثٍ، ولأَنَّهُ مُحْسِنٌ فى كَوْنِه ألْزَمَ نَفْسَه اجْتنابَ سَخَطِها. وعلى قِياسِ ذلك كُلُّ حالٍ يُمْكِنُه الوَطْءُ فيها بغيرِ حِنْثٍ، كقوْلِه: واللَّهِ لا وَطِئْتُكِ مُكْرَهَةً، أَوْ مَحْزُونَةً. ونحو ذلك، فإنَّه لا يكونُ مُولِيًا. وإِنْ قال: واللَّهِ لا وَطِئْتُكِ مَرِيضَةً. لم يكنْ مُولِيًا لذلك، إلَّا أَنْ يكونَ بها مَرَضٌ لا يُرْجَى بُرْؤُه، أو لا يَزُولُ فى أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ، فيَنْبَغِى أَنْ يكونَ مُولِيًا؛ لأنَّه حالِفٌ على تَرْكِ وَطْئِها أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ. فإِنْ قال ذلك لها وهى صَحِيحَةٌ، فمَرِضَتْ مَرَضًا يُمْكِنُ بُرْؤُه قبلَ أَرْبَعَةِ أشْهُرٍ، لم يَصِرْ مُولِيًا، وإِنْ لم يُرْجَ بُرْؤُه فيها، صارَ مُولِيًا. وكذلك إنْ كان الغالِبُ أنَّه لا يَزُولُ فى أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ، صارَ مُولِيًا؛ لأنَّ ذلك بمَنْزِلَةِ ما لا يُرْجَى زَوَالُه. وإِنْ قال: واللَّهِ لا وَطِئْتُكِ حائِضًا. ولا نُفَساءَ، ولا مُحْرِمَةً، ولا صائِمَةً. ونحو هذا، لم يكنْ مُولِيًا؛ لأنَّ ذَلِكَ مُحَرَّمٌ مَمْنُوعٌ منه شَرْعًا، فقد أكَّدَ مَنْعَ نَفْسِه منه بيَمِينِه. وإِنْ قال: واللَّهِ لا وَطِئْتُكِ طاهِرًا. أو: لا وَطِئْتُكِ وَطْئًا مُباحًا. صارَ مُولِيًا؛ لأنَّه حالِفٌ على تَرْكِ الوَطْءِ الَّذِى يُطالَبُ به فى الفَيْئَةِ، فكان مُولِيًا، كما لو قال: واللَّهِ لَا وَطِئْتُكِ فى قُبُلِكِ. وإِنْ قال: واللَّهِ لا وَطِئْتُكِ لَيْلًا. أو: واللَّهِ لا وَطِئْتُكِ نَهارًا. لم يكنْ مُولِيًا؛ لأنَّ الوَطْءَ يُمْكِنُ بدُونِ الحِنْثِ. وإِنْ قال: واللَّهِ لا وَطِئْتُكِ فى هذه البَلْدَةِ. أو: فى هذا البَيْتِ. أو نحو ذلك مِن الْأَمكِنَةِ المُعَيَّنَةِ، لم يكنْ مُولِيًا. وهذا قولُ الثَّوْرِىِّ، والأوْزاعِىِّ، والشَّافِعىِّ، والنُّعْمَانِ، وصاحِبَيْهِ. وقال ابنُ أبى لَيْلَى، وإسْحاقُ: هو

Notes

(٣٥) فى أ: "ونحو".

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