that she complete the waiting period of the first; for his right is prior, and her waiting period was necessitated by intercourse within a valid marriage. Thus, once she completes the waiting period of the first, it becomes mandatory upon her to observe the waiting period from the second, and the two waiting periods do not overlap, as they are from two different men. This is the school of al-Shafi'i. Abu Hanifa said: They do overlap, so she shall fulfill three menstrual cycles after separation from the second, which shall count as the remainder of the waiting period of the first and the waiting period for the second (9); for the purpose is to ascertain the innocence of the womb, and this is achieved through it regarding them both (10) together. Our evidence is what Malik (11) narrated from Ibn Shihab, from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib and Sulayman ibn Yasar, that Tulayha was married to Rashid al-Thaqafi, who divorced her. She married another during her waiting period, so Umar ibn al-Khattab struck her and struck her husband with a lash and separated them. He then said: "Any woman who marries during her waiting period—if the husband who married her has not consummated with her, they are to be separated, then she observes the remainder of her waiting period from her first husband, and he is considered as one of the suitors; if he has consummated with her, they are separated, then she observes the remainder of her waiting period from the first, then she observes the waiting period from the latter, and he shall never marry her." It was also narrated via his chain from Ali that he ruled regarding the woman who marries during her waiting period that they are to be separated, she is entitled to the dower for what he enjoyed of her, she must complete what she invalidated of the first waiting period, and she observes the waiting period from the latter (13). These are the opinions of two of the Caliphs (14), and no opposition to them is known among the Companions. Furthermore, these are two rights intended for two human beings, so they do not overlap, just like two debts or two oaths, and because it is a confinement (habs) to which men are entitled over women, so it is not permissible for a woman to be in the confinement of two men, similar to the confinement of marriage (15).