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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 11 · Page 271Section

Translation · EN

This is because if her master has intercourse with her today, then marries her off, and the husband has intercourse with her at the end of the day, it would lead to the mixing of fluids and the confounding of lineages, which is not lawful. This differs from selling, for by selling, she does not become a bed-consort, nor is it lawful for her purchaser to have intercourse with her until he ensures her istibra', so it does not lead to the mixing of fluids. For this reason, it is valid in the case of a woman in her waiting period and a married woman, unlike marriage.

Section: If she is not among those who have menstrual cycles, her istibra' is through the method we mentioned regarding the umm al-walad, according to what we have explained. The implication of al-Khiraqi’s statement is that if she is a slave woman whom her master does not have intercourse with, she is not required to perform istibra' because she is not a bed-consort to her master. Therefore, she is not required to perform istibra', like a married woman or a woman in her waiting period. Furthermore, abandoning istibra' in her case does not lead to the mixing of fluids or the confounding of lineages, unlike a woman with whom there has been intercourse.

Section: If a man dies leaving a slave woman with whom he was having intercourse, her istibra' is through the method we mentioned regarding the umm al-walad, because she was a bed-consort to her master, thus she resembles the umm al-walad. However, if she is among those who have menstrual cycles, her istibra' is by one menstrual cycle, according to a single narration, because she does not become free.

Section: If he emancipates his umm al-walad, or his slave woman whom he was having intercourse with, or any other woman with whom it is lawful for him to have intercourse, he may marry her immediately without istibra'. This is because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) emancipated Safiyyah and married her, and made her emancipation her dowry. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Three types of people will be given their reward twice: a man who had a slave woman, disciplined her well, educated her well, then emancipated her and married her." He did not mention

Notes

(5) In B: "tazawwajuha" (he married her). (6) In B and M: "wa al-mutazawwija" (and the married woman). (7) In B: "lil-istibra'" (for istibra'). (8) In B and M: "idha" (if). (9) Its source has been previously cited in 9/348. (10) Its source has been previously cited in 9/397.

Arabic (Source)

وهذا لأنَّه إذا وَطِئها سَيِّدُها اليومَ، ثم زَوَّجَها (٥)، فوَطِئَها الزَّوْجُ في آخِرِ اليومِ، أفْضَى إلى اخْتلاطِ المِيَاهِ، وامْتِزاجِ الأنْسابِ، وهذا لا يَحِلُّ، ويخالفُ البَيْعَ؛ فإنَّها لا تَصِيرُ به فِراشًا، ولا يَحِلُّ لمُشْتَرِيها وَطْؤُهَا حتى يَسْتَبْرِئَها، فلا يُفْضِى إلى اخْتِلاطِ المِيَاهِ، ولهذا يَصِحُّ في المُعْتدَّةِ والمُتَزَوِّجةِ (٦)، بخلافِ التَّزْوِيجِ.

فصل: فإن لم تكُنْ من ذَواتِ القُرُوءِ، فاسْتِبْراؤُها بما ذكرْنا في أُمِّ الوَلَدِ، على ما شَرَحْنا. ومفهومُ كلامِ الْخِرَقِىِّ، أنَّها إذا كانت أمَةً لا يَطَؤُها سَيِّدُها، لم يَلْزَمْها استبراءٌ؛ لأنَّها ليست فِراشًا لسيِّدِها، فلم يَلْزَمْها الاسْتِبْراءُ، كالمُزَوَّجةِ والمُعْتَدَّةِ، ولأنَّ تَرْكَها بالاسْتِبْراءِ (٧) لا يُفْضِى إلى اخْتلاطِ المِيَاهِ، وامْتِزاجِ الأنْسابِ، بخلافِ المَوْطُوءةِ.

فصل: وإن مات عن أمَةٍ كان يُصِيبُها، فاسْتِبْراؤُها بما ذكرْنا في أُمِّ الوَلَدِ؛ لأنَّها فِراشٌ لسَيِّدِها، فأشْبهَتْ أُمَّ الولدِ، إلَّا أنَّها إن (٨) كانت من ذَواتِ القُرُوءِ، فاسْتِبْراؤُها بحَيْضةٍ واحدةٍ، روايةً واحدةً؛ لأنَّها لا تَصِيرُ حُرّةً.

فصل: وإن أَعْتَقَ أُمَّ وَلَدِه، أو أَمَتَه التي كان يُصِيبُها، أو غيرَها ممَّنَ تَحِلُّ له إصابَتُها، فله أن يتَزَوَّجَها في الحالِ، من غيرِ اسْتِبْراءٍ؛ لأنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أعْتَقَ صَفِيَّةَ، وتزَوَّجَها، وجَعَلَ عِتْقَها صَدَاقَهَا (٩). وقال النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "ثَلاثةٌ يُوَفَّوْنَ أَجْرَهُمْ مَرَّتَيْنِ؛ رَجُلٌ كَانَتْ له أمَةٌ، فأدَّبَهَا فأحْسَنَ تَأْدِيبَهَا، وعَلَّمها فأحْسَنَ تَعْلِيمَها، ثم أعْتَقَهَا وتزَوَّجَها" (١٠). ولم يذكر

Notes

(٥) في ب: "تزوجها".(٦) في ب، م: "والمزوجة".(٧) في ب: "للاستبراء".(٨) في ب، م: "إذا".(٩) تقدم تخريجه، في: ٩/ ٣٤٨.(١٠) تقدم تخريجه، في: ٩/ ٣٩٧.

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