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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 11 · Page 316Section

Translation · EN

it results in the growth of flesh and the thickening of bones, so it causes prohibition, just as if it were the majority. This applies when the attributes of the milk remain. As for if it were poured into a large amount of water and it did not change [by it], it does not establish prohibition, because this is not considered mixed milk, nor does it result in nourishment, nor the growth of flesh, nor the thickening of bones. It was narrated from the Qadi that prohibition is established by it, which is the opinion of al-Shafi'i, because parts of the milk reached his stomach (3); thus it is similar to if its color were apparent. Our argument is that this is not breastfeeding, nor is it in the meaning of it, so it is necessary that its ruling not be established upon it.

Section: If it is milked from women and the child is fed it, it is as if he had breastfed from each one of them, because if it were mixed with water or honey, it would not cease to be a prohibiting breastfeeding, and likewise if it were mixed with another milk.

1370 - Issue; He said: (And the milk of a dead woman causes prohibition, just as the milk of a living woman causes it; because milk does not die)

The text narrated from Ahmad, in the narration of Ibrahim al-Harbi, is that it spreads the prohibition. This is the choice of Abu Bakr, and it is the view of Abu Thawr, al-Awza'i, Ibn al-Qasim, the scholars of opinion, and Ibn al-Mundhir. Al-Khallal said: It does not spread the prohibition, and Ahmad hesitated regarding it in the narration of Muhanna. This is the school of al-Shafi'i, because it is milk from someone who is not in a state of parturition, so prohibition is not attached to it, like the milk of a man. Our argument is that breastfeeding occurred in a manner that causes the growth of flesh and the thickening of bones from a woman, so it establishes prohibition just as if she were alive. Moreover, there is no difference between drinking it in her life and after her death except for life and death or impurity, and this has no effect, for the milk does not die, and impurity does not prevent it, just as if it were milked into an impure vessel. Furthermore, if it were milked from her during her life and he drank it after her death, it would spread the prohibition, and its remaining in her breast does not prevent the establishment of the prohibition, because her breast is no more than a vessel in the absence of life, and she is no more than the bone of a dead animal in the establishment of impurity.

Notes

(3) In [A]: "his interior".

Arabic (Source)

منه إنْباتُ اللَّحْمِ وإنْشازُ العَظْمِ، فحَرَّمَ، كما لو كان غالِبًا، وهذا فيما إذا كانت صِفاتُ اللَّبَنِ باقِيَةً، فأمَّا إن صُبَّ في ماءٍ كثيرٍ لم يتَغَيَّرْ به، لم يَثْبُتْ به التَّحْريمُ؛ لأنَّ هذا ليس بلَبَنٍ مَشُوبٍ، ولا يَحْصُلُ به التَّغَذِّى، ولا إنْباتُ اللَّحْمِ ولا إنشازُ العَظْمِ. وحُكِىَ عن القاضي، أنَّ التَّحْريمَ يَثْبُتُ به. وهو قولُ الشافعيِّ؛ لأنَّ أَجْزاءَ اللَّبنِ حَصَلَتْ في بَطْنِه (٣)، فأشْبَهَ ما لو كان لَوْنُه ظاهِرًا. ولَنا، أنَّ هذا ليس برَضاعٍ، ولا في مَعْناه، فوَجَبَ أن لا يَثْبُتَ حُكْمُه فيه.

فصل: وإن حُلِبَ من نِسْوَةٍ، وسُقِيَهُ الصَّبِيّ، فهو كما لو ارْتَضَعَ من كلِّ واحدةٍ منهنَّ؛ لأنَّه لو شِيبَ بماءٍ أو عَسَلٍ، لم يَخْرُجْ عن كَوْنِه رَضاعًا مُحَرِّمًا، فكذلك إذا شِيبَ بلَبَنٍ آخَرَ.

١٣٧٠ - مسألة؛ قال: (ويُحَرِّمُ لَبَنُ الْمَيِّتَةِ، كَمَا يُحَرِّمُ لَبَنُ الْحَيَّةِ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّبَنَ لَا يَمُوتُ)

المنصوصُ عن أحمدَ، في روايةِ إبراهيمَ الحَرْبِيِّ، أنَّه يَنْشُرُ الحُرْمةَ. وهو اخْتيارُ أبي بكرٍ. وهو قولُ أبي ثَوْرٍ، والأوْزَاعيِّ، وابنِ القاسمِ، وأصْحابِ الرَّأْىِ، وابنِ المُنْذِرِ. وقال الخَلَّالُ: لا يَنْشُرُ الحُرْمَةَ. وتَوَقّفَ عنه أحمدُ، في رِوايةِ مُهَنَّا. وهو مَذَهَبُ الشافعيِّ؛ لأنَّه لَبَنٌ ممَّن ليس بمَحَلٍّ للوِلادةِ، فلم يتَعَلَّقْ به التَّحْرِيمُ. كَلَبنِ الرَّجُلِ. ولَنا، أنَّه وُجِدَ الارْتِضاعُ، على وَجْهٍ يُنْبِتُ اللَّحْمَ ويُنْشِزُ العَظْمَ، من امرأةٍ، فأثْبَتَ التَّحْريمَ، كما لو كانت حَيّةً، ولأنَّه لا فارِقَ بين شُرْبِه في حَياتِها ومَوْتِها إلَّا الحياةُ والمَوْتُ أو النّجاسَةُ، وهذا لا أثَرَ له، فإنَّ اللَّبَنَ لا يَمُوتُ، والنَّجاسةُ لا تَمْنَعُ، كما لو حُلِبَ في وِعَاءٍ نَجِسٍ، ولأنَّه لو حُلِبَ منها في حَياتِها، فشَرِبَه بعدَ مَوْتِها، لنَشَرَ الحُرْمةَ، وبَقاؤُه في ثَدْيِها لا يَمْنَعُ ثُبُوتَ الحُرْمةِ؛ لأنَّ ثَدْيَها لا يَزِيدُ على الإِناءِ في عَدَمِ الحياةِ، وهى لا تَزِيدُ على عَظْمِ المَيْتَةِ في ثُبُوتِ النَّجاسةِ.

Notes

(٣) في أ: "جوفه".

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