Section: If there is a son and a daughter, the maintenance is divided between them in thirds, as in inheritance. Abu Hanifah said: Maintenance is equal between them because they are equal in proximity. If there is a mother and a son, one-sixth is upon the mother, and the remainder is upon the son. If there is a daughter and a son's son, the maintenance is [divided] in halves (3) between them. Abu Hanifah said: The maintenance is upon the daughter because she is closer. Al-Shafi'i said regarding these three issues: The maintenance is upon the son because he is the agnate (asaba). If there is a mother and a daughter, the maintenance is [divided] between them in fourths because they inherit from him in that manner. Abu Hanifah held this view as well. Al-Shafi'i said: The maintenance is upon the daughter because she becomes an agnate along with her brother. If there is a daughter and a daughter's son, the maintenance is upon the daughter. The companions of Al-Shafi'i said, in one of two opinions: The maintenance is upon the daughter's son because he is a male. Our argument is the saying of Allah the Almighty: {And upon the heir is the like of that}. He predicated the maintenance upon inheritance, so it must be predicated in its amount upon it. Requiring it from the daughter's son contradicts (5) the text and the meaning, for he is neither an agnate nor an heir, so there is no sense in requiring it from him to the exclusion of the inheriting daughter.
1385 - Issue: He said: (If it is a grandmother and a brother, then one-sixth of the maintenance is upon the grandmother and the remainder is upon the brother. And upon this basis is the calculation of maintenance.)
He means that the order of maintenance (1) is based upon the order of inheritance. Just as the grandmother has one-sixth of the inheritance here, she has one-sixth of the maintenance; and just as the remainder is for the brother, so too the remainder of the maintenance is upon him. According to one who does not see maintenance as being upon anyone other than the two lines of lineage (the two ancestral lines), he places the entire maintenance upon the grandmother. This is a principle that has been discussed previously. If there is a daughter and a sister, or a daughter and a brother, or a daughter and an agnate, or a sister and an agnate, or a sister and a mother, or a daughter and a son's daughter, or a full sister and a paternal sister, or
(2) In M: "was". (3) In M: "in halves". (4) Omitted from: the original. (5) In A, M: "contrary to". (1) In A: "the maintenance".
فصل: وإن اجْتَمَعَ ابنٌ وبنتٌ، فالنَّفقةُ بينهما أثْلاثًا، كالمِيراثِ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: النَّفقةُ عليهما سَواءٌ؛ لأنَّهما سَواءٌ في القُرْبِ. وإن كانتْ (٢) أُمٌّ وابْنٌ، فعلى الأُمِّ السُّدسُ، والباقى على الابْنِ. وإن كانت بنتٌ وابْنُ ابنٍ، فالنَّفقةُ بينهما نِصْفان (٣). وقال أبو حنيفةَ: النَّفقةُ على البِنْتِ؛ لأنَّها أقْرَبُ. وقال الشافعيُّ في هذه المسائلِ الثلاث: النَّفقةُ على الابْنِ؛ لأنَّه العَصَبةُ. وإن كانتْ له أُمٌّ وبنتٌ، فالنَّفقةُ بينهما أرْباعًا؛ لأنَّهما يَرِثانِه كذلك. وبه قال أبو حنيفةَ. وقال الشافعيُّ: النَّفقةُ على البنْتِ؛ لأنَّها تكونُ عَصَبةً مع أخِيها. وإن كانت له (٤) بِنْتٌ وابنُ بِنْتٍ، فالنَّفقةُ على البنتِ. وقال أصْحابُ الشافعىِّ، في أحَدِ الوَجْهَيْنِ: النفقةُ على ابْنِ البنتِ؛ لأنَّه ذَكَرٌ. ولَنا، قولُ اللَّه تعالى: {وَعَلَى الْوَارِثِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ}. فرَتَّبَ النَّفقةَ على الإِرْثِ، فيجبُ أن تَتَرَتَّبَ في المِقْدارِ عليه، وإيجابُها على ابنِ البنتِ يُخالِفُ (٥) النَّصَّ والمعنى، فإنَّه ليس بعَصَبةٍ ولا وارثٍ، فلا معنى لإِيجابِها عليه دُونَ البنتِ الوارثةِ.
١٣٨٥ - مسألة؛ قال: (فَإنْ كَانَتْ جَدَّةً وأَخًا، فَعَلَى الْجَدَّةِ سُدسُ النَّفَقَةِ والْبَاقِى عَلَى الْأَخِ، وَعَلَى هذَا الْمَعْنَى حِسَابُ النَّفَقَاتِ)
يعني أنَّ تَرْتِيبَ النَّفقاتِ (١) على تَرْتيبِ الميراثِ، فكما أنَّ للجَدَّةِ ههُنا سُدسَ الميراثِ، فعليها سُدسُ النَّفقةِ، وكما أنَّ الباقِىَ للأخِ، فكذلك الباقِى من النَّفقةِ عليه. وعنَد مَنْ لا يَرَى النَّفقةَ على غيرِ عَمُودَىِ النَّسَبِ، يَجْعَلُ النَّفقةَ كلَّها على الْجَدَّةِ. وهذا أصْلٌ قد سَبَقَ الكلامُ فيه. فإن اجْتَمَعَ بنتٌ وأختٌ، أو بنتٌ وأخٌ، أو بنتٌ وعَصَبةٌ، أو أختٌ وعَصَبةٌ، أو أختٌ وأمٌّ، أو بنتٌ وبنتُ ابْنٍ، أو أختٌ لأَبَويْنِ وأختٌ لأبٍ، أو
(٢) في م: "كان".(٣) في م: "نصفين".(٤) سقط من: الأصل.(٥) في أ، م: "بخلاف".(١) في أ: "النفقة".
