taking custody of her, despite the possibility of doing so, and her offering it to him, so her maintenance became binding upon him, just as if he were present. If the wife is a minor who is capable of intercourse, or is insane, and she delivers herself to him, and he takes custody of her, her maintenance becomes obligatory upon him, just as it is for an adult woman. If he does not take custody of her because she denies herself, or her guardians prevent her, she has no right to maintenance from him. If the husband is absent and her guardian offers to deliver her, it is as if a woman of legal capacity offered delivery, for her guardian stands in her place. If she offers it without her guardian, the judge shall not assess maintenance for her, because her speech has no legal force.
1394 - Issue: He said: (And if she is in this state that I have described, and her husband is a minor, his guardian shall be compelled to pay her maintenance from the minor's property. If he has no property and she chooses separation, the judge shall separate them.)
He means that if the woman is an adult with whom enjoyment is possible, and she has enabled him (tamkin) or offered to deliver herself, and she does not deny herself nor do her guardians prevent her, her maintenance is upon her minor husband. This is the position of Abu Hanifah, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, and Al-Shafi'i in one of his two opinions. In the other, he said: She has no maintenance. This is the view of Malik, because the husband is unable to enjoy her, so her maintenance is not binding upon him, just as if she were absent or a minor. Our position is that she has delivered herself in a valid manner, so maintenance is obligatory for her, just as if the husband were an adult. Furthermore, enjoyment with her is possible, and it only became impossible due to the husband's situation, just as if delivery were impossible due to his illness or absence. This differs from the case where she is absent or a minor, for in those cases, she did not deliver herself in a valid manner and did not offer to do so. Based on this, the guardian is compelled to pay her maintenance from the minor's property, because the maintenance is the obligation of the minor, and the guardian merely acts on his behalf in fulfilling the duties incumbent upon him, just as he pays the diyah (indemnity) for his crimes, the value of what he destroys, and his zakat. If he has no property,
(12) In A, B, and M: "li-annahu" (because it). (1) The waw (and) is omitted from: A, M. (2) Omitted from: the original manuscript, B.
من تَسَلُّمِها مع إمْكانِ ذلك، وبَذْلِها إيَّاهُ له، فلَزِمَتْه نفقَتُها، كما لو كان حاضرًا. وإن كانت الزَّوجة صغيرةً، يُمْكِنُ وطْؤُها، أو مَجْنونةً، فسَلَّمَتْ نفسَها إليه، فتَسَلَّمها، لَزِمَتْه نفقَتُها كالكبيرةِ، وإن لم يتَسَلَّمْها، لمَنْعِها نفْسَها، أو مَنْعِ أوْلِيائِها، فلا نَفقةَ لها عليه. وإن غاب الزَّوجُ، فبَذَلَ وَلِيُّها تَسْلِيمَها، فهو كما لو بذَلَتِ المُكَلَّفَةُ التَّسْلِيمَ، فإنَّ وَلِيَّها يقومُ مَقامَها. وإن بذَلَتْ هي دُونَ وَلِيِّها، لم يَفْرِض الحاكمُ النَّفقةَ لها؛ لأنَّها (١٢) لا حُكْمَ لكَلَامِها.
١٣٩٤ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَإذَا كَانَتْ بِهذِهِ الْحَالِ الَّتِى وَصَفْتُ، وَزوْجُها (١) صَبِيٌّ، أُجْبِرَ وَلِيُّهُ عَلَى نَفَقَتِهَا مِنْ مَالِ الصَّغِيرِ، فَإنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ، فَاختَارَتْ فِرَاقَهُ، فَرَّقَ الْحَاكِمُ بَيْنَهُما)
يعني إذا كانت المرأةُ كبيرةً، يُمْكِنُ الاسْتِمْتاعُ بها، فمَكَّنَتْ مِن نَفْسِها، أو بَذَلَتْ تَسْلِيمَها، ولم تَمْنَعْ نفسَها، ولا مَنَعَها أولياؤُها، فعلى زَوْجِها الصَّبِىِّ نَفقَتُها. وبهذا قال أبو حنيفةَ، ومحمدُ بن الحسنِ، والشافعيُّ في أحدِ قَوْلَيْه. وقال في الآخَرِ: لا نَفقةَ لها. وهو قولُ مالكٍ؛ لأنَّ الزَّوجَ لا يتَمَكَّنُ من الاسْتِمْتاعِ بها، فلم تَلْزَمْه نَفقَتُها، كما لو كانت غائِبةً أو (٢) صَغِيرةً. ولَنا، أنَّها سَلَّمَتْ نفسَها تسليمًا صحيحًا، فوجَبَتْ لها النَّفقةُ، كما لو كان الزَّوْجُ كبيرًا، ولأنَّ الاسْتِمْتاعَ بها مُمْكِنٌ، وإنَّما تعَذَّرَ من جِهَةِ الزَّوجِ، كما لو تعَذَّرَ التَّسْليمُ لمَرَضِه أو غَيْبَتِه، وفارَقَ ما إذا غابَتْ، أو كانت صغيرةً، فإنَّها لم تُسَلِّمْ نفسَها تَسْليمًا صحيحًا، ولم تَبْذُلْ ذلك، فعلى هذا يُجْبَرُ الوَلِيُّ على نَفَقَتِها من مالِ الصَّبِيِّ؛ لأنَّ النَّفقةَ على الصَّبِيِّ، وإنَّما الوَلِيُّ يَنُوبُ عنه في أداءِ الواجباتِ عليه، كما يُؤدِّى أُرُوشَ جِنَاياتِه، وقِيَمَ مُتْلَفاتِه، وزَكَواتِه. وإن لم يَكُنْ له مالٌ،
(١٢) في أ، ب، م: "لأنه".(١) سقطت الواو من: أ، م.(٢) سقط من: الأصل، ب.
