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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 11 · Page 431Second Chapter

Translation · EN

And the famous view from Malik is that if she is of high status, such that the custom of those like her is not to breastfeed their children, she cannot be forced to do so. However, if she is of those who customarily breastfeed, she is forced to do so. Our view is His saying, the Almighty: {But if you disagree, then another shall breastfeed for him}. And if they disagree, then they have reached a state of hardship (ta'asur). Furthermore, being forced to breastfeed must be for either the right of the child, the right of the father, or both. It cannot be for the right of the father, for he does not possess the authority to force her to breastfeed his child from someone else, nor to serve him in matters specific to him. It is not permissible for it to be for the right of the child, because if it were for his right, it would be binding upon her after separation, and because it is among that which is binding on a parent for his child, thus it is binding upon the father specifically, like maintenance, or as it is after separation. It is not permissible for it to be for both, because for that which has no basis [in Sharia], the ruling is not established by combining one part with another. Moreover, if it were for both, the ruling would be established by it after separation, and the verse is interpreted as applying to the state of providing maintenance and the absence of hardship.

The second section: That if the mother requests to breastfeed him for the wage of her likes, she is more entitled to him, whether she is in a state of marriage or after it, and whether the father finds a wet nurse who volunteers or does not find one. The followers of al-Shafi'i said: If she is in the bond of marriage, her husband has the right to prevent her from breastfeeding him, because it forfeits the right of enjoyment of her at times. And if he hires her for his breastfeeding, it is not permissible, because the benefits are his right, so it is not permissible for him to hire from her that which is, or part of which is, his right. And if she does breastfeed the child, does she have the wage of her likes? There are two views. And if she is divorced and requests the wage of her likes, and he wishes to remove him from her to deliver him to one who will breastfeed him for the wage of her likes or more, he has no right to do so. But if he finds a volunteer, or one who will breastfeed him for less than the wage of her likes, he has the right to remove him from her, according to the apparent [view of] the school; because he is not obligated to incur the expense while the child's need is being met without it. Abu Hanifa said: If she requests the wage, the father is not obligated to provide it to her, and her right of custody does not fall, and the wet nurse comes to breastfeed him

Notes

(4) Surah al-Talaq 6. (5) In M: "for that". (6) Omitted from: A. (7) In the original, A, and B: "badhliha" (providing it to her). It is also correct to interpret that which preceded as: "if she requested the wage".

Arabic (Source)

والمشْهورُ عن مالكٍ، أنَّها إن كانت شَرِيفةً لم تَجْرِ عادةُ مثلِها بالرَّضاعِ لوَلَدِها، لم تُجْبَرْ عليه، وإن كانت ممَّن تُرْضِعُ في العادةِ، أُجْبِرَتْ عليه. ولَنا، قولُه تعالى: {وَإِنْ تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ أُخْرَى} (٤). وإذا اخْتلَفا فقد تَعاسَرا، ولأنَّ الإِجْبارَ على الرَّضاعِ لا يَخْلُو، إمَّا أن يكونَ لحَقِّ الوَلَدِ، أو لحقِّ الزَّوجِ، أولهما، لا يجوزُ أن يكونَ لحَقِّ الزَّوجِ، فإنَّه لا يَمْلِكُ إجْبارَها على رَضَاعِ ولَدِه من غيرِها، ولا على خِدْمَتِه فيما يَخْتَصُّ به. ولا يجوزُ أن يكونَ لحقِّ الولَدِ، لأنَّه (٥) لو كان له، للَزِمَها بعدَ الفُرْقةِ، ولأنَّه ممَّا يَلْزَمُ الوالدَ لوَلدِه، فلَزِمَ الأبَ على الخُصُوصِ، كالنَّفقةِ، أو كما بعدَ الفُرْقةِ. ولا يجوزُ أن يكونَ لهما؛ لأنَّ ما لا مُناسبةَ فيه، لا يَثْبُتُ الحكمُ بانْضِمامِ بعضِه إلى بعضٍ، ولأنَّه لو كان لهما، لَثَبَتَ الحكمُ به بعدَ الفُرقةِ، والآيةُ مَحْمُولةٌ على حالِ الإِنْفاقِ وعَدَمِ التَّعاسُرِ.

الفصل الثاني: أنَّ الأُمَّ إذا طَلَبَتْ إرْضاعَه بأَجْرِ مثلِها، فهى أحَقُّ به، سواءٌ كانت في حالِ الزَّوْجِيَّةِ أو بعدَها، وسواءٌ وَجَدَ الأبُ مُرْضِعةً مُتَبَرِّعةً (٦) أو لم يَجِدْ. وقال أصْحابُ الشافعىِّ: إنْ كانتْ في حِبَالِ الزَّوجِ، فلِزَوْجها مَنْعُها من إرْضاعِه؛ لأنَّه يُفَوِّتُ حَقَّ الاسْتِمْتاعِ بها في بعضِ الأحيانِ، وإن اسْتَأْجَرَها على رَضاعِه، لم يَجُزْ؛ لأنَّ المَنافِعَ حَقٌّ له، فلا يجوزُ أن يَسْتَأْجِرَ منها ما هو أو بعضُه حَقٌّ له. وإن أرْضَعَتِ الولَدَ، فهل لها أجْرُ المِثْلِ؟ على وَجْهَيْن. وإن كانت مُطَلَّقةً، فطَلَبَتْ أجْرَ المِثْلِ، فأراد انْتِزَاعَه منها ليُسَلِّمَه إلى مَنْ تُرْضِعُه بأجْرِ المثلِ أو أكثرَ، لم يكُنْ له ذلك، وإن وَجَدَ مُتَبرِّعةً، أو مَنْ تُرْضِعُه بدُونِ أجْرِ المثلِ، فله انْتِزاعُه منها، في ظاهرِ المذهبِ؛ لأنَّه لا يَلْزَمُه الْتِزامُ المُؤْنةِ مع دَفْعِ حاجةِ الوَلَدِ بدُونِها. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: إن طَلَبَتِ الأجْرَ، لم يَلْزَمِ الأبَ [بَذْلُه لها] (٧)، ولا يَسْقُطُ حَقُّها من الحضانةِ، وتأْتِى المُرْضِعةُ تُرْضِعُه

Notes

(٤) سورة الطلاق ٦.(٥) في م: "فإن ذلك".(٦) سقط من: أ.(٧) في الأصل، أ، ب: "بذلها". ويصح على أن يكون ما تقدم: "إن طلبت الأجرة".

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