It is permitted; because it was narrated that Abu Dhabyah performed cupping for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and he gave him his wage, and ordered his masters to lighten his tribute for him. Many of the Companions used to impose a tribute on their slaves; it was narrated that Al-Zubayr had a thousand slaves, and upon every one of them every day was a dirham. Abu Lu'lu'ah came to the Commander of the Faithful, Umar ibn al-Khattab, and asked him to request Al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah to lighten his tribute for him. Then, he should wait; if he is one who has earnings, and he sets upon him an amount equivalent to what exceeds his earnings after his sustenance and his tribute, it is permitted, for both of them benefit from it; the slave is eager to earn, and perhaps something remains with him that he adds to his sustenance and by which he finds ease. But if he imposes upon him more than his earnings after his sustenance, it is not permitted. Likewise, if he burdens one who has no earnings with the tribute, it is not permitted; because of what was narrated from Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: "Do not burden the young with earning, for if you burden him with earning, he will steal; and do not burden the woman who has no trade with earning, for if you burden her with earning, she will earn with her private parts." And because whenever he burdens one who has no earnings with tribute, he burdens him with what overcomes him, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Do not burden them with what overcomes them." It may also lead him to obtain it from an illicit source, in which case it would not be lawful for the master to take it.
Chapter: If the slave becomes ill, or chronically sick, or blind, or his earnings are cut off, his master must take care of him and provide for him; because his maintenance is binding due to ownership, and this is why it is binding during childhood, and ownership remains
(16) Its verification preceded in: 8/132. (17) See: Hilyat al-Awliya 1/90. (18) See: Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, by Ibn Sa'd 3/345, 347. (19) In B and M: "then he makes". (20) Omitted from: B. (21) In M: "you burden him". (22) Recorded by Imam Malik, in: The Chapter on the Command for Gentleness toward the Slave, from the Book of Seeking Permission. Al-Muwatta 2/981. And Al-Bayhaqi, in: The Chapter on what has come regarding the prohibition of the earnings of a slave woman if she is not in continuous work, from the Book of Maintenance. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 8/9.
جاز؛ لما رُوِىَ أنَّ أبا ظَبْيَةَ حَجَمَ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، فأعْطاه أجْرَهُ، وأمَرَ مَوَالِيه أن يُخَفِّفُوا عنه مِن خَراجِه (١٦). وكان كثيرٌ من الصَّحابةِ يَضْرِبُونَ على رَقِيقِهم خَرَاجًا، فرُوِىَ أنَّ الزُّبَيْرَ كان له ألْفُ مملوكٍ، على كلِّ واحدٍ منهم كلَّ يومٍ دِرْهَمٌ (١٧). وجاء أبو لُؤْلُؤةَ أميرَ المؤمنين عمرَ بن الخطَّابِ، فسأَله أن يَسْأَلَ المُغِيرَةَ بن شُعْبةَ يُخَفِّفُ عنه من خَرَاجِه (١٨). ثم يَنْتَظِرُ، فإن كان ذا كَسْبٍ، فجَعَل (١٩) عليه بقَدْرِ ما يَفْضُلُ من كَسْبِه عن نفَقَتِه وخَراجِه شيءٌ، جاز، فإنَّ لهما به نَفْعًا، فإنَّ العَبْدَ يَحْرِصُ على الكَسْبِ، ورُبَّما فَضَلَ معه شيءٌ يزِيدُه في نفَقَتِه، ويَتَّسِعُ به. وإن وضَعَ عليه أكثرَ من كَسْبِه بعدَ نفَقَتِه، لم يَجُزْ. وكذلك إن كَلّفَ مَنْ لا كَسْبَ له (٢٠) المُخارَجةَ، لم يَجُزْ؛ لما رُوِىَ عن عثمانَ، رَضِىَ اللَّه عنه، أنَّه قال: لا تُكَلِّفُوا الصَّغيرَ الكَسْبَ، فإنَّكم متى كَلَّفْتُمُوه (٢١) الكَسْبَ سَرَقَ، ولا تُكَلِّفُوا المرأةَ غيرَ ذاتِ الصَّنْعةِ الكَسْبَ، فإنَّكم متى كَلَّفْتُمُوها الكَسْبَ كَسَبَتْ بفَرْجِها (٢٢)، ولأنَّه متى كَلّفَ غيرَ ذى الكَسْبِ خَراجًا، كَلَّفَه ما يَغْلِبُه، وقد قال النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "لَا تُكَلِّفُوهُم مَا يَغْلِبُهم". ورُبّما حَمَلَه ذلك على أن يَأَتِىَ به من غيرِ وَجْهِه، فلم يَكُنْ للسَّيِّدِ أخْذُه.
فصل: وإذا مَرِضَ المملوكُ، أو زَمِنَ، أو عَمِىَ، أو انْقَطَعَ كَسْبُه، فعلى سَيِّدِه القِيامُ به، والإِنفاقُ عليه؛ لأنَّ نفقَتَه تجبُ بالمِلْكِ، ولهذا تجبُ مع الصِّغَرِ، والمِلْكُ باقٍ
(١٦) تقدم تخريجه، في: ٨/ ١٣٢.(١٧) انظر: حلية الأولياء ١/ ٩٠.(١٨) انظر: الطبقات الكبرى، لابن سعد ٣/ ٣٤٥, ٣٤٧.(١٩) في ب، م: "فيجعل".(٢٠) سقط من: ب.(٢١) في م: "تكلفوه".(٢٢) أخرجه الإِمام مالك، في: باب الأمر بالرفق بالمملوك، من كتاب الاستئذان. الموطأ ٢/ ٩٨١. والبيهقي، في: باب ما جاء في النهى عن كسب الأمة إذا لم تكن في عمل واصب، من كتاب النفقات. السنن الكبرى ٨/ ٩.
