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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 11 · Page 528Section

Translation · EN

the group were killed for one person, so that the involvement does not lead to the dropping of retaliation, in order to make the retaliation more severe and as an exaggeration in deterrence. In our case, this is reversed; for if he knows that retaliation is obligatory upon him for the killing of one person, and that the killing of the second and third does not increase the right [of retaliation] against him, he will hasten to kill whomever he intends to kill and do whatever he desires to do. Thus, this becomes equivalent to dropping the retaliation against him from the outset, along with [just] the blood-money.

Section: If every guardian demands his killing for their ward independently, without participation, the first is given priority because his right is earlier, and because the subject became entitled to him by the first killing. If the guardian of the first pardons, the second guardian may kill him. If the second guardian demands before the first, the judge shall send word to the guardian of the first to inform him. If the second acts quickly and kills him, he has done wrong, and the right of the first reverts to blood-money. If the guardian of the first is absent, a minor, or insane, he shall be awaited. If the guardians of all pardon for blood-money, they may do so. If he killed them all at once and they disputed over who should carry out [the retaliation], lots shall be drawn among them, and the one for whom the lot falls shall be given priority, due to the equality of their rights. If someone else acts quickly and kills him, he has fulfilled his right, and the right of the remainder reverts to blood-money. If he killed them separately, and the first [killing] is ambiguous, or each guardian claims that he is the first, and they have no proof, and the killer admits it for one of them, the one for whom he confessed is prioritized. If he does not confess, we cast lots among them, due to the equality of their rights.

Section: If he cuts the right [hand] of two men, the ruling regarding it is like the ruling regarding persons, based on the details and the difference of opinion we have mentioned. However, the scholars of opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y) said: He is subjected to retaliation for both of them, and he must pay the blood-money for the hand for both of them from his own wealth, in two halves. This is not correct because it leads to making retaliation obligatory for part of the limb and blood-money for part of it, and combining the replacement and the replaced in one subject, and the Shari'ah has not come with this, nor is there a counterpart for it to be compared with.

Notes

(12) Omitted from the original. (13) In M: "wa-yasqutu" (and it is forfeited).

Arabic (Source)

الجماعةَ قُتِلُوا بالواحدِ، لئَلَّا يُؤَدِّىَ الاشْتراكُ إلى إسْقاطِ القِصاصِ، تَغْلِيظًا للقِصاصِ، ومُبالغةً في الزَّجْرِ، وفي مسأَلَتِنا يَنْعَكِسُ هذا، فإنَّه إذا عَلِمَ أنَّ القِصاصَ واجبٌ عليه بقَتْلِ واحدٍ، وأَنَّ قَتْلَ الثاني والثالثِ لا يَزْدَادُ به عليه حَقٌّ، بادَرَ إلى قَتْلِ مَنْ يُرِيدُ قَتْلَه، وفَعَلَ ما يَشْتَهِى فِعْلَه، فيَصِيرُ هذا كإسْقاطِ القِصاصِ عنه ابتداءً مع الدِّيَةِ.

فصل: وإن طَلَبَ كلُّ وَلِىٍّ قَتْلَه بوَلِيِّه، مُسْتَقِلًّا من غيرِ مُشارَكةٍ، قُدِّمَ الأوَّلُ؛ لأنَّ حَقَّه أسْبَقُ، ولأنَّ المَحَلَّ صار مُسْتَحَقًّا له (١٢) بالقَتْلِ الأوَّلِ. فإن عَفَا ولىُّ الأوَّلِ، فلوَلِىِّ الثاني قَتْلُه. وإن طالَبَ ولىُّ الثاني قبلَ طَلَبِ الأوَّلِ، بَعَثَ الحاكمُ إلى وَلِىِّ الأوَّلِ فأعْلَمَه. وإن بادَرَ الثاني فقَتَلَه، أساءَ، وسَقَطَ حَقُّ الأوَّلِ إلى الدِّيَةِ. وإن كان وَلِىُّ الأوَّلِ غائبًا أو صغيرًا أو مجنونًا، انْتُظِرَ. وإن عَفَا أوْلياءُ الجميعِ إلى الدِّياتِ، فلهم ذلك. وإن قَتَلَهُم دَفْعةً واحدةً، وتَشاحُّوا في المُسْتَوْفِى، أُقْرِعَ بينهم، فقُدِّمَ من تَقَعُ له القُرْعةُ؛ لتَساوِى حُقُوقِهم. وإن بادَرَ غيرُه فقَتَلَه، اسْتَوْفَى حَقَّه، وسقَط (١٣) حَقُّ الباقِينَ إلى الدِّيَةِ. وإن قَتَلَهُم مُتَفَرِّقًا، وأشْكَلَ الأوَّلُ، أو ادَّعَى كلُّ ولىٍّ أنَّه الأوَّلُ، ولا بَيِّنَةَ لهم، فأقَرَّ القاتلُ لأحَدِهم، قُدِّمَ بإقْرارِه، وإن لم يُقِرَّ، أقْرَعْنا بينهم؛ لِاسْتِواءِ حُقُوقِهِم.

فصل: وإن قَطَعَ يُمْنَى رَجُلَيْنِ، فالحكمُ فيه كالحُكْمِ في الأَنْفُسِ، على ما ذكرْنا من التَّفْصِيلِ والاخْتلافِ، إلَّا أنَّ أصحابَ الرَّأْىِ قالوا: يُقَادُ لهما حميعًا، ويَغْرَمُ لهما دِيةَ الْيَد في مالِه نِصْفَيْنِ. وهذا لا يَصِحُّ؛ لأنَّه يُفْضِى إلى إيجابِ القَوَدِ في بعضِ العُضْوِ والدِّيَةِ في بَعْضِه، والجَمْعِ بين البَدَلِ والمُبْدَلِ في مَحَلٍّ واحدٍ، ولم يَرِد الشَّرْعُ به، ولا نَظِيرَ له يُقاسُ عَليه.

Notes

(١٢) سقط من: الأصل.(١٣) في م: "ويسقط".

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