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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 11 · Page 566Section

Translation · EN

Section: If a Kitabi (a person of the Book) cuts the hand of a Muslim, and it heals, and he retaliated, then the Muslim's wound reopened and he died, then his heir has the right to kill the Kitabi or pardon him in exchange for the compensation (arsh) of the wound. Regarding its amount, there are two views: One of them is half of the blood money (diyah), because he has already satisfied the equivalent of his hand through retaliation, and the equivalent of his hand is half of his blood money, so half of it remains for him, just as if the perpetrator were a Muslim. The second [view] is that he has three-quarters of it, because the hand of a Jew is worth half of his blood money, which is one-quarter of a Muslim's blood money, so he has satisfied one-quarter of his blood money and three-quarters of it remains for him. If he cut the two hands of the Muslim, and he retaliated, then the Muslim died, and his heir pardoned [the retribution] in exchange for wealth, it is built upon the two views: If we say that the value of the Jew is considered, then he has here half of the blood money. If we say that the consideration is based on the value of the Muslim's hand, then he has nothing here, because he has already satisfied the equivalent of his two hands, and they are his entire blood money. If the cutting was on his two hands and his two feet, and he pardoned in exchange for blood money, he would have nothing, by one view, because the blood money for that is the blood money of a Muslim. If the perpetrator was a woman against a man, the ruling is the same as what we have mentioned, because her blood money is half of a man's blood money.

Section: If one cuts a man's hand from the wrist (al-ku'), then another cuts it from the elbow (al-mirfaq), and he died from their progression, his heir has the right to kill both cutters, and he does not have the right to cut their two extremities, according to one of the two views. According to the other, he has the right to cut the hand of the [first] cutter from the wrist. If he cuts it, then pardons him, he has half of the blood money. As for the other, if his hand was cut from the wrist, and he cut it from the elbow, then he pardoned, he has [the full] blood money, except for the amount of the government (hukumah - discretionary compensation) for the forearm. If the hand of the cutter from the elbow were sound, it is not permissible to cut it, in one narrated view, because he would be taking a sound [hand] for a cut one. If he cuts their hands, and they are both sound, or two men cut his hands, and he cuts their hands, then the crime progressed, and he died from their cutting, his heir does not have the right to pardon in exchange for blood money, because he has already satisfied what is valued at blood money. If he chooses to kill them, he may do so.

Notes

(39) In [B] and [M]: "or retaliated" (aw iqtasasa). (40) In [M]: "al-aqdar" is an error.

Arabic (Source)

فصل: ولو قَطَعَ كِتَابِىٌّ يَدَ مسلمٍ، فبَرَأ واقْتَصَّ (٣٩)، ثم انْتَقَضَ جُرْحُ المُسْلِمِ فمات، فلوَلِيِّه قَتْلُ الكِتَابِىِّ، والعَفْوُ إلى أرْشِ الجُرْحِ، وفى قَدْرِه وَجْهان؛ أحدُهما، نِصْفُ الدِّيَةِ؛ لأنَّه قد اسْتَوْفَى بَدَلَ يَدِه بالقِصاصِ، وبَدَلُها نِصْفُ دِيَتِهِ، فبَقِىَ له نِصْفُها، كما لو كان القاطِعُ مُسْلِمًا. والثانى، له ثلاثةُ أرْباعِها؛ لأنَّ يَدَ اليَهُودِىِّ تَعْدِلُ نِصْفَ دِيَتِه، وذلك رُبْعُ دِيَةِ المسلمِ، فقد اسْتَوْفَى رُبْعَ دِيَتِه، وبَقِىَ له ثلاثةُ أرْباعِها. وإن كان قَطَعَ يَدَىِ المسلمِ، فاقْتَصَّ منه، ثم مات المسلمُ، فعَفَا وَلِيُّه إلى مالٍ، انْبَنَى على الوَجْهَيْنِ؛ إن قُلْنا: تُعْتَبَرُ قِيمةُ اليَهُودِىِّ. فله ههُنا نِصْفُ الدِّيَةِ، وإن قُلْنا: الاعتبارُ بقِيمَةِ يَدِ المسلمِ. فلا شىءَ له ههُنا؛ لأنَّه قد اسْتَوْفَى بَدَلَ يَدَيْه، وهما جَمِيعُ دِيَتِهِ. ولو كان القَطْعُ في يَدَيْه ورِجْلَيْه، فعَفَا إلى الدِّيَةِ، لم يكُنْ له شيءٌ، وجهًا واحدًا؛ لأنَّ دِيَةَ ذلك دِيَةُ مسلمٍ. ولو كان الجانِى امرأةً على رجلٍ، فالحُكْمُ على ما ذكَرْنا سَواءً؛ لأنَّ دِيَتَها نِصْفُ دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ.

فصل: إذا قَطَعَ يَدَ رَجُلٍ من الكُوعِ، ثم قَطَعَها آخَرُ من المَرْفِقِ، فمات بسِرَايَتِهما، فلوَلِيِّه قَتْلُ القاطِعَيْنِ، وليس له أن يَقْطَعَ طَرَفَيْهِما، في أحدِ الوَجْهَيْنِ، وفى الآخَرِ، له قَطْعُ يَدِ القاطعِ من الكُوعِ. فإن قَطَعَها، ثم عَفَا عنه، فله نِصْفُ الدِّيَةِ، وأمَّا الآخَرُ، فإن كانتْ يَدُه مَقْطوعةً من الكُوعِ، فقَطَعَها من المَرْفِقِ، ثم عَفَا، فله دِيَةٌ، [إلَّا قَدْرَ] (٤٠) الحكومةِ في الذِّرَاعِ. ولو كانت يَدُ القاطعِ من المَرْفِقِ صَحِيحةً، لم يَجُزْ قَطْعُها، رِوَايةً واحدةً؛ لأنَّه يأخُذُ صَحِيحةً بمَقْطُوعةٍ. وإن قَطَعَ أيْدِيَهما، وهما صَحِيحَتانِ، أو قَطَعَ رَجُلانِ يَدَيْهِ، فقَطَعَ يَدَيْهِما، ثم سَرَتِ الجِنايةُ، فمات من قَطْعِهِما، فليس لوَلِيِّه العفوُ على الدِّيَةِ؛ لأنَّه قد اسْتَوْفَى ما قِيمَتُه دِيَةٌ. وإن اختار قَتْلَهُما، فله ذلك.

Notes

(٣٩) في ب، م: "أو اقتص".(٤٠) في م: "الأقدار" خطأ.

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