Section: If he says, "You are to me," or "from me," or "with me," like the back of my mother, it is zihar, in the same status as "upon me," because these expressions are of the same meaning. If he says, "Your whole being," or ["your body"], or "your physical frame," or "your essence," or "you in your entirety" are to me like the back of my mother, it is zihar, because he pointed to her, and it is like his saying "you." If he says, "You are like the back of my mother," it is zihar, because he has brought forth that which requires her prohibition to him, and the ruling is directed to it, just as if he said, "You are divorced." Some Shafi'ites said it is not zihar, because it contains that which indicates that it is regarding his right. This is not correct; for if she is like his mother's back, [then his mother's back] is prohibited to him.

Section: If he says, "You are to me like my mother," or "the likeness of my mother," and he intends zihar by it, it is zihar according to the generality of scholars, including Abu Hanifah, his two companions, al-Shafi'i, and Ishaq. If he intends honor and reverence by it, or that she is like her in age or attribute, it is not zihar, and his word is accepted regarding his intention. If he expresses it absolutely, Abu Bakr said it is explicit in zihar, which is the opinion of Malik and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan. Ibn Abi Musa said there are two narrations, the most apparent of which is that it is not zihar until he intends it. This is the opinion of Abu Hanifah and al-Shafi'i, because this expression is used for honor more often than it is used for prohibition, so it is not directed toward it without an intention, like the allusions (kinayat) of divorce. The reasoning for the first view is that he has compared his wife to the entirety of his mother, so he has compared her to her back, and thus zihar is established just as if he had compared her to it in isolation. What I hold to be correct in the analogy of the school is that if there is a context indicating zihar, such as if he utters it in the form of an oath, saying: "If you do such and such, you are to me like my mother," or if he said that during a dispute and anger, then it is zihar. This is because if he utters it in the form of an oath, the oath is intended for abstaining from something or urging it, and that is only achieved by prohibiting her to him. And because her being like his mother in her attribute