is rare, and he is not capable of working while it persists. As for a lean person, if he is capable of working with it, it suffices; otherwise, it does not. The foolish person, which is someone who errs while having insight and creates things without benefit and views error as correct, suffices. Likewise, one who is occasionally seized by fits, the eunuch, the castrated one, the Rata' (a woman with a congenital vaginal obstruction), and the elderly person who is able to work [all suffice]; because that which does not harm the work does not prevent the slave from possessing his benefits and the completion of his legal rulings, so sufficiency is attained by him, just as with one free of defects.

Section: The manumission of the criminal and the pawned slave suffices, as does the manumission of a bankrupt person for his slave if we hold the view that their manumission is valid, and the manumission of the Mudabbar (slave whose freedom is linked to the owner's death), the eunuch, and the child of fornication; due to the completeness of the manumission in their case.

Section: The manumission of a usurped slave does not suffice; because one is not able to enable him to have his benefits. Nor does the manumission of one who is absent with a prolonged absence such that his news is unknown; because his life is not known, so the validity of his manumission is not known. If his news is not cut off, his manumission suffices; because it is a valid manumission. The manumission of a fetus does not suffice; because the rulings of this world have not been established for him, and for that reason his Sadaqat al-Fitr is not obligatory, and his existence and life are not certain. Nor does the manumission of the Umm al-Walad (mother of a child by her master) suffice; because her manumission is due by a cause other than expiation, and ownership regarding her is incomplete; which is why it is not permissible to sell her. Tawus and al-Batti said: Her manumission suffices; because it is a valid manumission. The manumission of a Mukatab (slave under a contract of manumission) who has paid something from his kitaba does not suffice. We will mention this in the expiations, if Allah the Almighty wills.

1316 - Issue: He said: "And whoever does not find [a slave], then the fasting of two consecutive months."

The scholars have reached a consensus that if the one who performed Dhihar (injurious comparison) does not find a slave, his obligation is to fast two consecutive months; this is due to the saying of Allah the Almighty: {And whoever does not find [a slave], then the fasting of two consecutive months before they touch one another} [Surat al-Mujadilah: 4]. And [based on] the hadith of Aws ibn al-Samit and Salamah ibn Sakhr. And they have reached a consensus that