one day from one expiation, so delivering it to him a second time on the same day does not suffice, just as if he had delivered both (1) to him from a single expiation. Based on this narration, it is sufficient for one of the two expiations. Does he have the right to take it back for the other? It is considered: if he informed him that it was for an expiation, he may take it back, otherwise not. It is also derived that he may not take anything back, based on what we mentioned regarding Zakat. The first narration is more analogically sound and more correct, for considering the number of poor people is more appropriate than considering the number of days, and if he had delivered it to him over two days, it would be sufficient; also, if the deliverer were two different people, it would suffice for both of them, so the same applies if the deliverer is one person. If he gave sixty mudds to thirty poor people from a single expiation, it suffices him for that portion of thirty, and he feeds another thirty. If he delivered the sixty from two expiations, it is sufficient for him according to one of the two narrations, and it does not suffice in the other [except for] (3) thirty. The second matter is that what is sufficient in feeding is what is sufficient in the Fitrah, which is wheat, barley, dates, and raisins, whether it is their staple food or not, and what is other than these. The Qadi said: It is not sufficient to dispense [other items], whether it is the staple food of his land or not, because the report came regarding the dispensing of these specific types, as mentioned in the hadiths we have narrated, and because it is the type dispensed in the Fitrah, so nothing else suffices, just as if it were not the staple food of his land. Abu al-Khattab said: In my view, it is sufficient for him to dispense from all grains that are the staple food of his land, such as corn, millet, and rice, because Allah the Exalted said: "...from the average of that which you feed your families" (4). This is something he feeds his family, so it is mandatory that it should suffice by the manifest meaning of the text. This is the Madhhab of al-Shafi'i. If he dispenses something other than his land's staple food that is of higher quality, he has increased in goodness, but if it is lower in quality, it does not suffice, and this is the better view.
Section: The most excellent according to Abu Abd Allah is to dispense grain, because by doing so he exits the disagreement, and it is in its state of perfection, as it is stored in that form and prepared for all its benefits, unlike other items. If he dispenses
(1) In Al-Asl: "daf'aha" (delivering them). (2) In M: "fa-idha" (if, when). (3) In A, B, M: "'an illa" (except for). (4) Surah al-Ma'idah, 89.
يومٍ من كَفَّارةٍ، فلم يُجْزِئْه الدَّفْعُ إليه ثانيا فى يَوْمِه، كما لو دَفَعَهُما (١) إليه مِن كَفَّارةٍ واحدةٍ. فعلى هذه الرِّواية، يُجْزِئُه عن إحْدَى الكَفّارَتَيْنِ. وهل له الرُّجُوعُ فى الأُخْرَى؟ يُنْظَر؛ فإن (٢) كان أعْلَمَه أنَّها عن كَفَّارةٍ، فله الرُّجُوعُ، وإلَّا فلا. ويَتَخَرَّجُ أَنْ لا يَرْجِعَ بشىءٍ، على ما ذكرْناه فى الزَّكاةِ. والرِّوايةُ الأُولى أقْيَسُ وأصَحُّ، فإنَّ اعتبارَ عَدَدِ المساكينِ، أوْلَى مِن اعتبارِ عددِ الأيَّامِ، ولو دَفَع إليه ذلك فى يَوْمينِ أجْزَأ، ولأنَّه لو كان الدَّافِعُ اثْنَينِ، أجْزَأ عنهما، فكذلك إذا كان الدَّافِعُ واحدًا. ولو دَفَع سِتِّين مُدًّا إلى ثلاثين فقيرًا مِن كفَّارةٍ واحدةٍ، أجْزَأه مِن ذلك ثلاثون، ويُطْعِمُ ثلاثين آخَرِينَ، وإِنْ دَفَعَ السِّتِّينَ مِن كَفَّارَتَيْنِ. أجْزَأه ذلك، على إحْدَى الرِّوايَتَيْنِ، ولا يُجْزِئُ فى الأُخْرى [إلَّا عن] (٣) ثلاثين. والأمرُ الثَّانى، أَنَّ المُجْزِئُ فى الإِطْعامِ ما يُجْزِئُ فى الفِطْرَةِ، وهو البُرُّ، والشَّعِير، والتَّمْر، والزَّبِيب، سواءٌ كانت قوتَهُ أو لم تَكُنْ، وما عَداها. فقال القاضى: لا يُجْزِئُ إخراجُه، سَواءٌ كان قُوتَ بَلَدِه أو لم يَكُنْ؛ لأنَّ الخَبَرَ وَرَدَ بإِخْراجِ هذه الأصْنافِ، على ما جاء فى الأحاديثِ التى رَوَيناها، ولأنَّه الجنسُ المُخْرَجُ فى الفِطْرةِ، فلم يُجزِئُ غيرُه، كما لو لم يَكُنْ قُوتَ بَلَدِه. وقال أبو الخَطّابِ: عندى أنَّه يُجْزئُه الإِخْراجُ مِن جميعِ الحبوبِ التى هى قُوتُ بَلَدِه، كالذُّرَةِ، والدُّخْنِ، والأَرُزِّ؛ لأنَّ اللَّهَ تعالى قال: {مِنْ أَوْسَطِ مَا تُطْعِمُونَ أَهْلِيكُمْ} (٤). وهذا ممَّا يُطْعِمُه أهلَه، فوَجَبَ أَنْ يُجْزِئَه بظاهِير النَّصِّ. وهذا مذهبُ الشَّافعىِّ. فإنْ أخْرَجَ غيرَ قُوتِ بَلَدِه، أجْوَدَ منه، فقد زادَ خيرًا، وإِنْ كان أنْقَصَ، لم يُجْزِئْه، وهذا أجْوَدُ.
فصل: والأفضلُ عند أبى عبد اللَّه، إخراجُ الحَبِّ؛ لأنَّه يَخْرُجُ به مِن الخِلافِ، وهى حَالَةُ كَمَالِه؛ لأنَّه يُدَّخَرُ فيها، ويَتَهَيَّأُ لمنافعِه كُلِّها، بخِلافِ غيرِه. فإنْ أخْرَجَ
(١) فى الأصل: "دفعها".(٢) فى م: "فإذا".(٣) فى أ، ب، م: "عن إلا".(٤) سورة المائدة ٨٩.