the act, and the liability is on their wealth and is not borne by their 'aqila, because it does not bear liability for an admission, and this is established (68) by their admission. It has been narrated from Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, that two witnesses testified before him against a man for theft, so he amputated him, then they brought another person and said: "O Commander of the Faithful, that is not the thief; rather, this is the thief." He then made them liable for the blood money of the first, and said: "Had I known that you had done this intentionally, I would have amputated you." He did not accept their statement regarding the second (69). If a man compels another to kill a person, and he kills him, and the matter results in blood money, it is upon both of them, because they are like two partners. For this reason, retaliation (qisas) is obligatory upon both of them. If a man compels a woman and commits adultery with her, and she becomes pregnant and dies (70) from the childbirth, he is liable for her, because she died due to his act, and the 'aqila bears it, unless it is only established by his admission, in which case the blood money is upon him, because the 'aqila does not bear liability for an admission.
Section: If the ruler sends for a woman to bring her before him, and she suffers a miscarriage of a dead fetus, he is liable for it by a ghurra (indemnity) (71), because it is narrated that Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, sent for a woman whose husband was away, and people used to visit her. She said: "O woe to her, what does she have to do with Umar?" While she was on the way, she became terrified, labor pains struck her, and she gave birth to a child. The child cried out twice and then died. Umar consulted the companions of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Some of them suggested: "There is nothing upon you; you are only a ruler and one who disciplines." Ali remained silent. Umar turned to him and said: "What do you say, O Abu al-Hasan?" He replied: "If they spoke according to their own opinion, their opinion is mistaken, and if they spoke to please you, they have not given you sincere advice; the blood money is upon you because you frightened her and she gave birth to him." Umar said: "I adjure you not to leave until you distribute it among your people (72)." If a woman is terrified and dies, her blood money would also be obligatory. Al-Shafi'i agreed regarding the liability for the fetus, and he said:
(68) In [B] and [M]: "yathbutu". (69) Its verification has preceded in: 11/456. (70) In the original: "wa-matat". (71) Omitted from: [B] and [M]. (72) Its verification has preceded, on page 35.
الفِعْلِ، ويكونُ الضَّمانُ في مالِهِما، لا تَحْمِلُه عاقِلَتُهما؛ لأنَّها لا تَحْمِلُ اعْتِرافًا، وهذا ثَبَتَ (٦٨) باعْتِرافِهِما. وقد رُوِى عن عليٍّ، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنه، أنَّ شاهِدَيْنِ شَهِدَا عندَه على رَجُلٍ بالسَّرِقةِ، فقَطَعَه، ثم أتَيا بآخَرَ، فقالا: يا أميرَ المؤمنين، ليس ذاك السَّارِقَ، إنَّما هذا هو السارقُ، فأَغْرَمَهُما دِيَةَ الأوَّلِ، وقال: لو عَلِمْتُ أنَّكما تَعَمَّدْتُما لقَطَعْتُكما. ولم يَقْبَلْ قَوْلَهما في الثاني (٦٩). وإن أكْرَه رجُلٌ رَجُلًا على قَتْلِ إنْسانٍ، فقَتَله، فصار الأمرُ إلى الدِّيَةِ، فهى عليهما؛ لأنَّهما كالشَّرِيكينِ، ولهذا وجَبَ القِصاصُ عليهما، رلو أكْرَه رجُلٌ امرأةً فزَنَى بها، فحَمَلَتْ فماتَتْ (٧٠) من الولادةِ، ضَمِنَها؛ لأنَّها ماتَتْ بسَبَبِ فِعْلِه، وتَحْمِلُها العاقلةُ، إلَّا أن لا يَثْبُتَ ذلك إلَّا باعْتِرافِه، فتكونَ الدِّيَةُ عليه؛ لأنَّ العاقلةَ لا تَحْمِلُ اعْتِرافًا.
فصل: إذا بَعَثَ السُّلطانُ إلى امرأةٍ ليُحْضِرَها، فأسْقَطَتْ جَنِينًا مَيِّتًا، ضَمِنَه بغُرَّةٍ (٧١)؛ لما رُوِىَ أنَّ عمرَ، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنه، بَعَثَ إلى امرأةٍ مَغِيبَةٍ، كان يُدْخَلُ عليها، فقالت: يا وَيْلَها، مالَها ولعمرَ. فبَيْنَا هي في الطريقِ إذ فَزِعَتْ، فضَرَبها الطَّلْقُ، فألْقَتْ ولَدًا، فصاح الصَّبِىُّ صَيْحَتَيْنِ، ثم مات، فاسْتشارَ عمرُ أصْحابَ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، فأشَارَ بعضُهم أن ليس عليك شيءٌ، إنَّما أنْتَ والٍ ومُؤَدِّبٌ. وصَمَتَ علىٌّ، فأقْبَلَ عليه عمرُ، فقال: ما تقولُ يا أبا الحَسَنِ؟ فقال: إن كانوا قالوا برَأْيِهِم فقد أخْطَأَ رَأْيُهم، وإن كانوا قالوا في هَواكَ فلم يَنْصَحُوا لك، إنَّ دِيَتَه عليك؛ لأنَّك أفْزَعْتَها فألْقَتْه. فقال عمرُ: أقْسَمْتُ عليك أن لا تَبْرَحَ حتى تقْسِمَها على قَوْمِكَ (٧٢). ولو فُزِّعَتِ المرأةُ فماتَتْ، لوَجَبَتْ دِيَتُها أيضًا. ووافَقَ الشافعيُّ في ضَمانِ الْجَنِينِ، وقال:
(٦٨) في ب، م: "يثبت".(٦٩) تقدم تخريجه في: ١١/ ٤٥٦.(٧٠) في الأصل: "وماتت".(٧١) سقط من: ب، م.(٧٢) تقدم تخريجه، في صفحة ٣٥.
