body, for there is visible beauty and complete utility in them. They are a cover for the mouth, guarding it against what harms it, hiding the teeth, retaining saliva, with them one blows, and through them speech is completed, as they contain some of the points of articulation for letters, so the diya is due for them, like the two hands and the two feet. The apparent (zahir) view of the school is that for each one of them there is half the diya. This has been narrated from Abu Bakr and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them). Most jurists have gone to this view. Another report has been narrated from Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him) that for the upper lip there is one-third of the diya, and for the lower one there is two-thirds; because this is narrated from Zayd ibn Thabit. Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib and al-Zuhri have said this. And because the utility of it is greater, as it is the one that rotates, moves, and retains saliva and food, whereas the upper one is stationary and has no movement. For us, there is the statement of Abu Bakr and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them), and because for every two things for which a diya is due, half of it is due for one of them, like all other organs, and because for every set of things for which a diya is due, all of them are treated equally, like the fingers and the teeth, and there is no consideration given to the increase of utility, as evidenced by the principle we mentioned.

Section: If he strikes them and renders them paralyzed (ashallaha), their full diya is due; because he has destroyed their utility, so their diya is due, as if he had paralyzed his two hands. If they become shriveled and do not meet over the teeth, [or they become loose and can no longer detach] from the teeth, the full diya is due for them; because he has nullified their utility and their beauty. If they are partially shriveled, a hukuma is due; because their utilities have not been nullified in their entirety.

Section: The limit of the lower lip is from the lowest part that hangs away from the teeth and gums, to what is raised above the skin of the chin. The limit of the upper lip is from the highest part that hangs away from the teeth and gums, to its junction with the nostrils.