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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 12 · Page 1731512 - Issue: He said: (For the forearm [radius and ulna], there are four camels; because it is two bones.)

Translation · EN

The meaning intended by Al-Khiraqi is both collarbones together, and he sufficed with the singular noun to include the definite article (al) which implies totality; thus, for each collarbone there is one camel. This is the opinion of Umar ibn al-Khattab. It is also the opinion of Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, Mujahid, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, Sa'id ibn Jubayr, Qatadah, and Ishaq. It is also an opinion held by Al-Shafi'i, and the more famous of his two opinions according to his followers is that for each of what we mentioned there is a discretionary compensation (hukumah). This is the opinion of Masruq, Abu Hanifa, Malik, and Ibn al-Mundhir, because it is an internal bone that does not specifically possess beauty or benefit, so no fixed compensation (arsh) is due for it, unlike other limbs of the body. Furthermore, a fixed assessment only exists through a divine injunction (tawqif) or sound analogy (qiyas), and there is neither an injunction nor an analogy for this. It is narrated from Al-Sha'bi that for the collarbone there are forty dinars. Amr ibn Shu'ayb said: For the two collarbones there is the full blood money (diyah), and for one of them is half of it, because they are two limbs that possess beauty and benefit, and there are no others in the body of their kind, so the blood money is completed in them, like the two hands. Our argument is the statement of Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, and Zayd ibn Thabit. What they mentioned is invalidated by the case of the hashimah (a head injury that breaks the bone), for it is a fracture of internal bones and there is a fixed compensation for it. Their statement that it does not possess beauty and benefit is also incorrect, as the beauty and benefit of these bones are not found in any others, and no other part shares this with them. As for the statement of Amr ibn Shu'ayb, it contradicts the consensus (ijma'), for we know of no one before or after him who agreed with him in this.

1512 - Issue; He said: (And for the forearm/radius and ulna [zand] there are four camels; because they are two bones.)

Al-Qadi said: He means by this the two forearms (zandayn), for which there are four camels; because they contain four bones, so for each

Notes

(2) Omitted from [M]. (3) Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi, in: The Chapter on what has been reported regarding the collarbone and the rib, from the Book of Blood Money (al-Diyat). Al-Sunan al-Kubra 8/99. And Abd al-Razzaq, in: The Chapter on the Collarbone, from the Book of Aqul (Blood Money). Al-Musannaf 9/362. (4) In the original: "qawluhu". (5) Omitted from the original. (6) In [M]: "ahduhuma nisf".

Arabic (Source)

المرادُ بقولِ الْخِرَقِيِّ التَّرْقُوتان مَعًا، وَإنَّما اكْتَفَى بلَفْظِ الواحدِ لإِدْخالِ (٢) الألف واللَّام المُقْتَضِيَةِ للاسْتِغْراقِ، فيكونُ في كُلِّ تَرْقُوَةٍ بعيرٌ. وهذا قولُ عمرَ بنِ الخطَّابِ (٣). وبه قال سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، ومُجاهدٌ، وعبدُ الملكِ بنُ مَرْوان، وسعيدُ بنُ جُبَيْرٍ، وقَتادةُ، وإسْحاقُ. وهو قولٌ للشّافعيِّ، والمشهورُ من قولَيْه (٤) عندَ أصحابِه، أنَّ في كُلِّ واحدٍ ممَّا ذكرْنا حكومةً، وهو قَوْلُ مَسْروقٍ، وأبي حنيفةَ، ومالكٍ، وابنِ المُنْذِر؛ لأنَّه عَظْمٌ باطنٌ، لا يخْتَصُّ بجمالٍ ومَنْفعةٍ، فلم يجبْ فيه (٥) أرْشٌ مُقدَّرٌ، كسائرِ أعْضاءِ البدنِ، ولأنَّ التَّقْديرَ إنَّما يكونُ بتَوْقيفٍ أو قياسٍ صَحيحٍ، وليس في هذا تَوْقيفٌ ولا قياسٌ. ورُوى عن الشَّعْبِيِّ، أنَّ في التَّرْقُوَةِ أربعينَ دينارًا، وقال عمرو بن شُعَيْبٍ: في التَّرْقُوَتَيْنِ الدِّيَةُ، وفي [إحْداهما نصفُها] (٦)؛ لأنَّهما عُضْوان فيهما جَمالٌ ومَنْفعةٌ، وليس في البدنِ غيرُهما من جِنْسِهما، فكمَلَتْ فِيهما الدِّيَةُ، كاليَدَيْنِ. ولَنا، قولُ عمرَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عنه، وزيد بن ثابت. وما ذكرُوه ينْتَقِضُ بالهاشِمَةِ؛ فإنها كَسْرُ عظامٍ باطنةٍ، وفيها مُقَدَّرٌ. ولا يصحُّ قولُهم: إنَّها لا تخْتَصُّ بجَمالٍ ومَنْفعةٍ. فإنَّ جمالَ هذه العظامِ ونَفْعِها لا يُوجَدُ في غيرِها، ولا مُشاركَ لها فيه. وأمَّا قولُ عمرو بنِ شُعَيْبٍ، فمخالِفٌ للإجْماعِ، فإنَّنا لا نعلمُ أحدًا قبلَه ولا بعدَه وَافقَه فيه.

١٥١٢ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَفِي الزَّنْدِ أَرْبَعَةُ أَبْعِرَةٍ؛ لأنَّهُ عَظْمَانِ)

قال القاضِي: يعني بِه الزَّنْديْنِ فيهما أربعةُ أبْعِرَةٍ؛ لأنَّ فيهما أربعةَ عِظامٍ، فَفي كُلِّ

Notes

(٢) سقط من: م.(٣) أخرجه البيهقي، في: باب ما جاء في الترقوة والضلع، من كتاب الديات. السنن الكبرى ٨/ ٩٩. وعبد الرزاق، في: باب الترقوة، من كتاب العقول. المصنف ٩/ ٣٦٢.(٤) في الأصل: "قوله".(٥) سقط من: الأصل.(٦) في م: "أحديهما نصف".

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