are they? He said: They are a people who were afflicted by tribulation, so they became blind and deaf within it, they rebelled against us, and they fought us, so we fought them (29). And when Ibn Muljam wounded him, he said to Al-Hasan: Treat his captivity well; if I live, then I am the master of my own blood (it is my right to pardon or execute), and if I die, then one strike for my strike. This was the view of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz regarding them, and many of the scholars (30). The correct view, if Allah wills, is that it is permissible to kill the Khawarij initially, and to attack their wounded, due to the Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) command to kill them, and his promise of reward for those who kill them. For Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Were it not that you would become arrogant (31), I would have told you what Allah has promised those who kill them, upon the tongue of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) (32). Also, their innovation and evil conduct necessitate the lawfulness of their blood, as evidenced by what the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) reported regarding the gravity of their sin, that they are the worst of creation and the created, that they pass through the religion [like an arrow through prey], that they are the dogs of the Fire, and his incitement to kill them, and his reporting that if he were to catch them, he would kill them the killing of 'Ad. Therefore, it is not permissible to equate them with those whom the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered to refrain from fighting, and from whom many of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) exercised restraint, as there is no innovation in them. The fourth category: A people from the people of truth who emerge from the authority of the Imam and intend his removal based on a plausible interpretation, and among them is the strength that requires gathering the army to restrain them. These are the rebels (bughat) whose ruling we discuss in this chapter. It is incumbent upon the people to assist their Imam in fighting the rebels, because of what we mentioned at the beginning of the chapter, and because if they were to abandon helping him, the people of rebellion would overpower him, and corruption would appear upon the earth.
(29) In the original and in [B]: "so we killed them". Recorded by Al-Bayhaqi, in: Chapter on evidence that the rebellious faction..., from the Book of Fighting Rebels. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 8/174. And 'Abd al-Razzaq, in: Chapter on what was mentioned regarding the Haruriyyah, from the Book of Found Property (Luqta). Al-Musannaf 10/150. And Ibn Abi Shaybah, in: Chapter on what was mentioned regarding the Khawarij, from the Book of Al-Jamal. Al-Musannaf 15/256, 257, 332. (30) In [B]: "the jurists (al-fuqaha')". (31) In the manuscripts: "yanzuru" (they look), which is a scribal error. (32) Recorded by Muslim, in: Chapter on the incitement to kill the Khawarij, from the Book of Zakat. Sahih Muslim 2/747. And Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on fighting the Khawarij, from the Book of Sunnah. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/543. And Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on mentioning the Khawarij, from the Introduction (Muqaddimah). Sunan Ibn Majah 1/59.
هم؟ قال: هم قَوْمٌ أصابَتْهم فِتْنَةٌ، فَعَمُوا فيها وصَمُّوا، وبَغَوْا عَلَيْنا، وقَاتَلُونا فَقَاتَلْنَاهمْ (٢٩). ولمَّا جَرَحَه ابنُ مُلْجَمٍ، قال للحسنِ: أَحْسِنُوا إسَارَهُ، فإنْ عِشْتُ فَأنا وَلِيُّ دَمِي، وإنْ مِتُّ فَضَرْبَةٌ كضَرْبَتِي. وهذا رَأْيُ عمرَ بنِ عبدِ العزيزِ فيهم، وكثيرٍ مِن العلماءِ (٣٠). والصحيحُ، إنْ شاءَ اللهُ، أنَّ الخوارِجَ يجوزُ قَتْلُهم ابْتداءً، والإِجازَةُ على جَرِيحِهِم؛ لأمْرِ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- بقَتْلِهم، وَوَعْدِه بالثَّوابِ مَنْ قَتَلَهم، فإنَّ عَليًّا، رَضِيَ اللهُ عنه، قال: لولا أنْ تَبْطَرُوا (٣١)، لَحَدَّثْتُكُمْ بما وَعَدَ اللهُ الَّذِينَ يقتلونهم على لسانِ محمدٍ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- (٣٢)؛ ولأنَّ بِدْعَتَهم، وسُوءَ فِعْلِهم، يَقْتَضِي حِلَّ دِمَائِهِمْ؛ بِدَليلِ ما أخْبَرَ به النَّبِيُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، مِنْ عِظَمِ ذَنْبهِم، وأنَّهم شَرُّ الخَلْقِ والخليقةِ، وأَنَّهم يَمْرُقُونَ مِن الدِّينِ، وأَنَّهم كِلابُ النَّارِ، وحَثِّه على قَتْلِهم، وإخْباره بأَنَّه لو أدْرَكَهم لَقَتَلَهم قَتْلَ عادٍ، فلا يجوزُ إلْحاقُهم بِمَنْ أمرَ النَّبِيُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- بالكَفِّ عنهم، وتَورَّعَ كثيرٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- عن قِتالِهم، ولا بِدْعةَ فيهم. الصِّنْفُ الرَّابعُ، قومٌ من أهلِ الحقِّ، يَخْرجُون عن قَبْضَةِ الإِمامِ، ويَرومُون خَلْعَه لتأويلٍ سائِغٍ، وفيهم مَنَعَةٌ يَحْتاجُ في كفِّهم إلى جَمْعِ الجيشِ، فهؤلاءِ البُغاةُ، الذين نذكرُ في هذا البابِ حُكْمَهم، وواجبٌ على النَّاسِ مَعُونةُ إِمامِهم، في قتالِ البُغَاةِ؛ لما ذكرْنا في أوَّلِ البابِ؛ ولأنَّهم لو تَرَكُوا مَعُونَتَه، لقَهَره أهلُ البَغْيِ، وظهرَ الفسادُ في الأرضِ.
(٢٩) في الأصل، ب: "فقتلناهم".وأخرجه البيهقي، في: باب الدليل على أن الفئة الباغية. . ., من كتاب قتال أهل البغي. السنن الكبرى ٨/ ١٧٤. وعبد الرزاق، في: باب ما جاء في الحرورية، من كتاب اللقطة. المصنف ١٠/ ١٥٠. وابن أبي شيبة، في: باب ما ذكر في الخوارج، من كتاب الجمل. المصنف ١٥/ ٢٥٦، ٢٥٧، ٣٣٢.(٣٠) في ب: "الفقهاء".(٣١) في النسخ: "ينظروا" تصحيف.(٣٢) أخرجه مسلم، في: باب التحريض على قتل الخوارج، من كتاب الزكاة. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ٧٤٧. وأبو داود، في: باب في قتال الخوارج، من كتاب السنة. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٥٤٣. وابن ماجه، في: باب ذكر الخوارج، من المقدمة. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٥٩.
