As for making allusions to insults, are they to be disciplined (ta'zir)? There are two viewpoints. Malik said regarding the Ibadiyyah (20) and all other people of innovation: They are to be called to repent; if they repent, then it is well, otherwise their necks are to be struck. Isma'il ibn Ishaq said: Malik held the view that the Kharijites and the Qadariyyah should be killed on account of the corruption they introduce into the religion, like highway robbers; if they repent, it is accepted, otherwise they are killed for their corruption, [not for their disbelief]. As for those who held the view that they are disbelievers, the implication of their statement is that they are to be called to repent; if they repent, it is well, otherwise they are killed for their disbelief, just as an apostate is killed. Their evidence is the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "Wherever you encounter them, kill them." And his saying (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "If I were to reach them, I would kill them with the killing of 'Ad." And the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) regarding the one who criticized him, saying: "This is a division in which the countenance of Allah was not intended," saying to Abu Bakr: "Go and kill him." Then he said the same to Umar, thus ordering his killing before he had fought. This is the one of whom he said: "A people will emerge from the progeny (25) of this one," meaning the Kharijites. And the statement of Umar to Sabigh: "If I had found you with your head shaved, I would have struck that which is between your eyes with the sword," meaning: I would have killed you. He would only kill him for being of the Kharijites, for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Their sign is the shaving of the hair (tasbid)," meaning shaving their heads. The first group argued based on the action of Ali, may Allah be pleased with him.
(20) The Ibadiyyah: The followers of Abdullah ibn Ibad, who rebelled during the days of Marwan ibn Muhammad. He is the one who says: Those among the people of the Qibla who oppose us are disbelievers but not polytheists; intermarriage with them is permissible, inheriting from them is lawful, and the spoils of their wealth during war are lawful, while anything else is forbidden. See: Al-Milal wa al-Nihal, by al-Shahrastani, 1/244. (21) Omitted from [M]. (22) Its recording has previously been cited on page 240. (23) Its recording has previously been cited on page 221. (24) Recorded by al-Bukhari in: Chapter on the sending of Ali, may Allah be pleased with him..., from the Book of Military Expeditions (Maghazi); in the Chapter on the interpretation of Surah Bara'ah, from the Book of Commentary (Tafsir); and in the Chapter on the recitation of the wicked, from the Book of Oneness (Tawhid). Sahih al-Bukhari 5/207, 6/84, 9/198. And Muslim in: Chapter on the mention of the Kharijites, from the Book of Zakat. Sahih Muslim 2/742, 743. And Abu Dawud in: Chapter on fighting the Kharijites, from the Book of the Sunnah. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/544. And al-Nasa'i in: Chapter on those whose hearts are to be reconciled, from the Book of Zakat, and in: Chapter on he who unsheathes his sword and then puts it to the people, from the Book of Prohibition. Al-Mujtaba 5/65, 66, 7/108, 109. And Imam Ahmad in: Al-Musnad 3/54, 73. (25) Al-di'di': The root, or the proliferation of offspring. (26) Recorded by al-Darimi in: Chapter on he who fears issuing legal verdicts and over-complicating, from the Introduction. Sunan al-Darimi 1/54, 55. (27) Recorded by al-Bayhaqi in: Chapter on the people who manifest the view of the Kharijites..., from the Book of Fighting the Rebels. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 8/184. And Ibn Abi Shaybah in: Chapter on what was mentioned regarding the Kharijites, from the Book of the Camel (Al-Jamal), Al-Musannaf 15/327, 328.
بالسَّبِّ، فهل يُعَزَّرُونَ؟ على وَجْهَين. وقال مالكٌ في الإِباضيَّةِ (٢٠)، وسائرِ أهِل البِدَعِ: يُسْتَتابُون، فإن تابُوا، وإلَّا ضُرِبَتْ أَعْنَاقُهم. قال إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ: رأَى مالكٌ قتلَ الخوارجِ وأهلِ القَدَرِ، من أجلِ الفسادِ الدَّاخلِ في الدِّينِ، كقُطَّاعِ الطريقِ، فإن تَابُوا، وإلَّا قُتِلُوا على إفْسادِهِم، [لا على كُفْرِهم] (٢١). وأمَّا مَن رأى تكفيرَهم، فمُقتضَى قولِه، أنَّهم يُسْتَتابون، فإن تابُوا، وإلَّا قُتِلُوا لِكُفْرِهم، كما يُقْتَلُ الْمرْتَدُّ، وحُجَّتُهم قَوْلُ النَّبيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "فَأَيْنَما لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُمْ" (٢٢). وقولهُ عليه السلام: "لَئِنْ أَدْرَكْتُهُمْ، لأَقْتُلَنَّهُمْ قَتْلَ عَادٍ" (٢٣). وقولُه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- في الذي أنْكَرَ عليه، وقال: إنَّها لَقِسْمَةٌ ما أُرِيدَ بها وَجْهُ اللهِ. لأَبي بكرٍ: "اذْهَبْ فَاقْتُلْه". ثم قال لعمرَ مثلَ ذلك (٢٤)، فأمَرَ بِقَتْلِه قَبْلَ قِتَالِهِ. وهو الذي قال: "يَخْرُجُ من ضِئضِئِ (٢٥) هَذَا قَوْمٌ". يَعني الخوارجَ. وقولُ عمرَ لصَبِيغٍ: لو وَجَدْتُك مَحْلُوقًا، لَضَرَبْتُ الذي فيهِ عيناكَ بالسَّيفِ (٢٦). يَعني لقَتَلْتُك. وإنَّما يَقْتُلُه لكَوْنِه من الخَوارجِ؛ فإنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "سِيمَاهُمُ التَّسْبِيدُ" (٢٧). يعني حَلْقَ رُءُوسِهِم. واحتجَّ الأوَّلونَ بفعِل عَلِيٍّ، رَضِيَ
(٢٠) الإباضية: أصحاب عبد اللَّه بن إباض، الذي خرج في أيام مروان بن محمد، وهو الذي يقول: إن مخالفينا من أهل القبلة كفار غير مشركين، ومناكحتهم جائزة، وموارثتهم حلال، وغنيمة أموالهم عند الحرب حلال، وما سواه حرام. انظر: الملل والنحل، للشهرستاني ١/ ٢٤٤.(٢١) سقط من: م.(٢٢) تقدم تخريجه، في صفحة ٢٤٠.(٢٣) تقدم تخريجه، في صفحة ٢٢١.(٢٤) أخرجه البخاري، في: باب بعث علي رضي اللَّه عنه. . ., من كتاب المغازى، وفي: باب تفسير سورة براءة، من كتاب التفسير، وفي: باب قراءة الفاجر، من كتاب التوحيد. صحيح البخاري ٥/ ٢٠٧، ٦/ ٨٤، ٩/ ١٩٨. ومسلم، في: باب ذكر الخوارج، من كتاب الزكاة. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ٧٤٢، ٧٤٣. وأبو داود، في: باب في قتال الخوارج، من كتاب السنة. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٥٤٤. والنسائي، في: باب المؤلفة قلوبهم، من كتاب الزكاة، وفي: باب من شهر سيفه ثم وضعه في الناس، من كتاب التحريم، المجتبى ٥/ ٦٥، ٦٦، ٧/ ١٠٨، ١٠٩. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٣/ ٥٤، ٧٣.(٢٥) الضئضئ: الأصل، أو كثرة النسل.(٢٦) أخرجه الدارمي، في: باب من هاب الفتيا والتنطع والتبدع، من المقدمة. سنن الدارمي ١/ ٥٤، ٥٥.(٢٧) أخرجه البيهقي، في: باب القوم يظهرون رأى الخوارج. . ., من كتاب قتال أهل البغي. السنن الكبرى ٨/ ١٨٤. وابن أبي شيبة، في: باب ما ذكر في الخوارج، من كتاب الجمل المصنف ١٥/ ٣٢٧، ٣٢٨.
