As for us, we rely on the statement of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace): "Whoever has intercourse with an animal, kill him, and kill the animal." He did not distinguish between whether it is an animal whose meat is consumed or not, nor between whether it is his property or someone else's. If it is said: "The hadith is weak, and they did not act upon it regarding the killing of the perpetrator (the human), so in the case of an animal that has committed no crime, it is even more so (not to be killed)." We say: It was not acted upon in the killing of the perpetrator according to one of the two narrations for two reasons: First, it is a legal punishment (hadd), and legal punishments are averted by doubts, and this (the animal) is a destruction of property, so doubt does not affect it. Second, it involves the destruction of a human, who is the most sacred of creations, so it is not permissible to rush to destroy him except with evidence of extreme strength, whereas such a requirement does not apply to the destruction of property or any animal other than him. When this is established, if the animal belongs to the perpetrator, it is considered a loss; if it belongs to someone else, the perpetrator is liable for its value to the owner, because he is the cause of its destruction, so he guarantees it, just as if he set a trap for it and it was destroyed by it. Furthermore, if it is an animal whose meat is eaten, is it permissible to eat it? There are two views. Al-Shafi'i also has two views on this: One is that it is permissible to eat it, due to the statement of Allah the Exalted: "Lawful to you are the animals of grazing livestock" (6). Also, it is an animal of a species that is permissible to eat, and it was slaughtered by one who is among those permitted to perform dhabh (ritual slaughter), so its consumption is lawful, just as if this act had not been committed against it, though it is disliked to eat it due to the doubt of prohibition. The second view is that it is not permissible to eat it, due to what was reported from Ibn Abbas, that it was said to him: "What is the matter with the animal?" He said: "I do not think he said that, except that he disliked eating it after that act had been performed upon it." And because it is an animal that must be killed as a right of Allah the Exalted, so it is not permissible to eat it, like other animals that are killed. There is disagreement regarding the reason for its killing; it is said: It is only killed so that its owner is not shamed and reminded of it upon seeing it. Ibn Batta reported with his chain of transmission from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) that he said: "Whoever you find with an animal, kill him, and kill the animal." They said: "O Messenger of Allah, what is the matter with the animal?" He said: "Do not say 'this and that' (7)." It is also said: So it does not give birth to a deformed creature. It is also said: So it is not eaten. Ibn Abbas alluded to this in his reasoning. And it
(3) A completion to complete the meaning. (4) Omitted from: M. (5) In the original: "fadamanahu". (6) Surah Al-Ma'idah 1. (7) Transmitted by al-Tirmidhi, in: The chapter on what has been reported regarding one who has intercourse with an animal, from the chapters of Legal Punishments. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 6/238. And al-Bayhaqi, in: The chapter on whoever has intercourse with an animal, from the Book of Legal Punishments. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 8/233.
ولَنا، قولُ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "مَنْ أَتَى بَهِيمَةً، فاقْتُلُوهُ، واقْتُلُوا الْبَهِيمَةَ". ولم يُفَرِّقْ بينَ كونِها مأكولةً أو غيرَ مأكولَةٍ، ولا بين مِلْكِهِ وملكِ غيرِه. فإن قِيلَ: الحديثُ ضَعِيفٌ، ولم يَعْمَلُوا به في قَتْلِ الفَاعِلِ الجَانِى، ففى حَقِّ حيوانٍ لا جِنَايةَ منه أوْلَى. قُلْنا: إنَّما [لم] (٣) يُعْمَلْ به في قتلِ الفاعلِ على إحْدَى الرِّوايتين، لِوَجْهَينِ؛ أحدُهما، أنَّه حَدٌّ، والحدودُ تُدْرَأُ بالشُّبهات، وهذا إتْلافُ مالٍ، فلا تُؤَثِّرُ الشُّبْهَةُ فيه. والثانى، أنَّه إتْلافُ آدَمِىٍّ، وهو أعظمُ المخلوقاتِ حُرْمَةً، فلم يَجُزِ التَّهَجُّمُ على إتْلافِه إلَّا بدليلٍ في غايةِ القُوَّةِ، ولا يَلْزَمُ مثلُ هذا في إتْلافِ مالٍ، ولا حيوانٍ سِوَاهُ. إذا ثبتَ هذا، فإنَّ الحيوانَ إنْ كانَ للفاعلِ، ذهبَ هَدْرًا، وإن كانَ لغيرِه، فعلَى الفاعلِ غَرامتُه له (٤)؛ لأنَّه سَببُ إتْلافِه، فيَضْمَنُه (٥)، كما لو نَصَب له شَبَكَةً فتَلِفَ بها. ثم إنْ كانَتْ مَأْكولةً، فهل يُباحُ أكْلُها؟ على وَجْهَين. وللشَّافِعِىِّ أيضًا في ذلك وَجْهانِ؛ أحدُهما، يَحِلُّ أكْلُها؛ لقولِ اللهِ تعالى: {أُحِلَّتْ لَكُمْ بَهِيمَةُ الْأَنْعَامِ} (٦). ولأنَّه حيوانٌ من جِنْسٍ يجوزُ أكلُه، ذَبَحَهُ مَنْ هو من أهلِ الذَّكاةِ، فحلَّ أكْلُه، كما لو لم يُفْعَلْ به هذا الفعلُ، ولكن يُكْرَهُ أكلُه؛ لشُبْهَةِ التَّحْريمِ. والوَجْهُ الثاني، لا يَحِلُّ أَكْلُها؛ لما رُوِىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه قيلَ له: ما شأنُ البَهيمةِ؟ قال: ما أُراه قال ذلك، إلَّا أنَّه كَرِهَ أكْلَها وقد فُعِلَ بها ذلك الفِعْلُ. ولأنَّه حيوانٌ يجبُ قَتْلُه، لِحَقِّ اللهِ تعالى، فلم يَجُزْ أكلُه، كسائرِ المقتُولاتِ. واخْتُلِفَ في عِلَّةِ قتلِها، فقيل: إنَّما قُتِلَتْ لِئَلَّا يُعَيَّرَ فاعلُها، ويُذَكَّرَ برُؤْيَتِها. وقد رَوَى ابنُ بَطَّةَ، بإسْنادِه عن النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أنَّه قال: "مَنْ وَجَدْتُمُوهُ عَلَى بَهِيمَةٍ فَاقتُلُوه، واقْتُلُوا الْبَهِيمَةَ". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّه ما بالُ البَهِيمةِ؟ قال: "لَا يُقَالُ هَذِهِ وَهَذِهِ" (٧). وقيل: لِئَلَّا تَلِدَ خَلْقًا مُشَوَّهًا. وقيل: لِئَلَّا تُؤْكَلَ. وإليها أشارَ ابنُ عباسٍ في تَعْليلِه. ولا
(٣) تكملة يتم بها المعنى.(٤) سقط من: م.(٥) في الأصل: "فضمنه".(٦) سورة المائدة ١.(٧) وأخرجه الترمذي، في: باب ما جاء في من يقع على البهيمة، من أبواب الحدود. عارضة الأحوذى ٦/ ٢٣٨. والبيهقي، في: باب من أتى بهيمة، من كتاب الحدود. السنن الكبرى ٨/ ٢٣٣.