confession (12). Their argument that we believed her in her denial is invalid; for we did not rule based on the truthfulness of her claim, and the negation of the hadd only occurred due to the absence of the requirement—which is confession or evidence—not because of the existence of any validation of her claim. This is evidenced by what would happen if she had remained silent or if the evidence were incomplete. Once this is established, then the free person and the slave, the virgin and the previously married person, are equal regarding the confession, because it is one of the two pieces of evidence for adultery, so all are equal in it, just like evidence (bayyina).
1559 - Issue: He said: (And he is an adult, sound-minded, and sane).
As for reaching the age of puberty (bulugh) and being sane, there is no disagreement regarding their consideration for the obligation of the hadd and the validity of a confession; because the pen (of accountability) has been lifted from the child and the insane person, and there is no legal standing for their statements. Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) reported from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) that he said: "The pen is lifted from three: from the sleeper until he wakes, from the child until he reaches puberty, and from the insane person until he regains his sanity." Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi (2), who said it is a hassan (good) hadith. In the hadith of Ibn Abbas, concerning the story of Ma'iz, the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) asked his people: "Is he insane?" They said: "There is nothing wrong with him" (3). It was also narrated that the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said to him when he confessed before him: "Are you insane?" (3). Abu Dawud (5) narrated with his chain, saying: A woman who was insane and had committed adultery was brought to Umar. He consulted people regarding her, and Umar ordered that she be stoned. Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) passed by her and said: "What is the matter with her?" They said: "The insane woman of such-and-such family has committed adultery, so Umar ordered that she be stoned."
(12) Its source was mentioned previously, in: 11/11. (1) In (B) and (M), there is an addition: "from". (2) Its source was mentioned previously, in: 2/50. (3) Its source was mentioned previously, on page 355. (4) In (B) and (M): "And it was narrated". (5) In: The Book of Hudud, Chapter: Regarding the insane person who steals or incurs a hadd. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/452. It was also narrated by Imam Ahmad in: Al-Musnad 1/140, 154, 155. By al-Daraqutni in: The Book of Hudud and Diyaat and others, Sunan al-Daraqutni 3/193. And by al-Bayhaqi in: The Book of Theft, Chapter: The insane person who incurs a hadd, Al-Sunan al-Kubra 8/264.
الاعترافُ (١٢). وقولُهم: إنَّنا صَدَّقْناهَا في إنْكارِها. لا يَصِحُّ، فإنَّنا لم نَحْكُمْ بصِدْقِها، وانْتفاءُ الحَدِّ إنَّما كان لعَدَمِ المُقْتَضِى، وهو الإِقْرارُ أو البَيِّنَةُ، لا لوُجودِ التَّصْدِيقِ؛ بدليلِ ما لو سكتَتْ، أو لم تَكْمُلِ البَيِّنَةُ. إذا ثَبَتَ هذا، فإنَّ الحُرَّ والعبدَ، والبِكْرَ والثَّيِّبَ، في الإِقْرارِ سَواءٌ؛ لأنَّه أحدُ حُجَّتَىِ الزِّنَى، فاسْتَوَى فيه الكُلُّ، كالبَيِّنَةِ.
١٥٥٩ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَهُوَ بَالِغٌ صَحِيحٌ عَاقِلٌ)
أمَّا البلوغُ والعقلُ، فلا خلافَ في اعْتبارِهما في وُجوبِ الحَدِّ، وصِحَّةِ الإِقْرارِ؛ لأنَّ الصَّبِىَّ والمجنونَ قد رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عنهما، ولا حُكْمَ لكلامِهِما. وقد روَى (١) علىٌّ، رَضِىَ اللَّه عنه، عن النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أنَّه قال: "رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عن ثَلَاثَةٍ؛ عَنِ النَّائِمِ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِظَ، وعَنِ الصَّبِىِّ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ، وعَنِ الْمَجْنُونِ حَتَّى يَعْقِلَ". روَاه أبو داودَ، والتِّرمذِىُّ (٢). وقال: حديثٌ حَسَنٌ. وفي حديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ، في قِصَّةِ ماعِزٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- سأل قَوْمَه: "أمَجْنُونٌ هُوَ؟ ". قالوا: ليس به بَأْسٌ (٣). ورُوِىَ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال له حينَ أقرَّ عندَه: "أَبِكَ جُنُونٌ؟ " (٣). ورَوَى (٤) أبو داودَ (٥)، بإسْنادهِ، قال: أُتِىَ عمرُ بمَجْنونَةٍ قد زنَتْ، فاسْتشارَ فيها أُناسًا، فأمرَ بها عمرُ أن تُرْجَمَ، فمرَّ بها علىُّ بنُ أبى طالبٍ، رَضِىَ اللَّه عنه، فقال: ما شأنُ هذه؟ . قالوا: مَجْنونةُ آلِ فلانٍ زَنَتْ، فأمرَ بها
(١٢) تقدم تخريجه، في: ١١/ ١١.(١) في ب، م زيادة: "عن".(٢) تقدم تخريجه، في: ٢/ ٥٠.(٣) تقدم تخريجه، في صفحة ٣٥٥.(٤) في ب، م: "وقد روى".(٥) في: باب في المجنون يسرق أو يصيب حدا، من كتاب الحدود. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٤٥٢.كما أخرجه الإِمام أحمد في: المسند ١/ ١٤٠، ١٥٤، ١٥٥. والدارقطني، في: كتاب الحدود والديات وغيره. سنن الدارقطني ٣/ ١٩٣. والبيهقي، في: باب المجنون يصيب حدا، من كتاب السرقة. السنن الكبرى ٨/ ٢٦٤.
