ShamelaTranslate
Search
Sign in
ShamelaTranslate

© 2026 ShamelaTranslate. Scholarly Open-Access Project.

AboutContactDonateImprintPrivacyTermsRight of WithdrawalCancel a subscription
Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 12 · Page 374Section

Translation · EN

from among you." And because those who testified to a hadd in the era of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and his Companions were not rebuked for their testimony. It is recommended for the Imam and others to hint at refraining from testifying, based on the statement of Umar to Ziyad: "I see a man and I hope that Allah does not disgrace a man from the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) at his hands." Since leaving it is superior, there is no harm in indicating that preference. It has been narrated that a man asked Uqba ibn Amir, saying: "I have neighbors who drink wine, should I report them to the authority?" Uqba ibn Amir replied: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say: 'Whoever conceals the fault of a Muslim, Allah will conceal it for him in this world and the Hereafter.'"

Section: If four witnesses testify against a woman for adultery, and reliable women testify that she is a virgin, then there is no hadd upon her, nor upon the witnesses. Al-Sha'bi, Al-Thawri, Al-Shafi'i, Abu Thawr, and the adherents of reason (As-hab al-Ra'y) stated this. Malik said: The hadd applies to her, because the testimony of women has no place in hadd punishments, so it cannot be dismissed by their testimony. Our position is that virginity is established by the testimony of women, and its existence prevents the occurrence of adultery outwardly, because adultery cannot occur without penetration into the vagina, and that is not conceivable with the remaining of virginity; for a virgin is she who has not been penetrated in her front passage. If adultery is negated, the hadd does not become mandatory, just as if evidence were established that the person testified against for adultery is impotent (majbub). The reason the hadd is not mandatory upon the witnesses is due to the completeness of their count, combined with the possibility of their truthfulness, as it is possible that he had intercourse with her and then her virginity returned; this constitutes a doubt that wards off the hadd from them, without mandating it upon her, for the hadd is not mandatory based on doubts. It is required to suffice with the testimony of one woman because her testimony is accepted in matters that are not witnessed

Notes

= 3/168. And Muslim, in: The Chapter on the Glad Tidings of one whose fault Allah the Almighty conceals in this world..., from the Book of Piety, Relations, and Etiquette; and in: The Chapter on the Virtue of Gathering for the Recital of the Qur'an, from the Book of Remembrance. Sahih Muslim 4/2002, 2074. It was also narrated by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on Brotherhood, from the Book of Etiquette. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/571. And Al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on what has been reported regarding concealing a Muslim, from the Chapters on Hadd Punishments; and in: The Chapter on what has been reported regarding concealing a Muslim, from the Chapters on Piety and Relations. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 6/199, 8/116, 117. And Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on the Virtue of Scholars, from the Introduction; and in: The Chapter on Concealing the Believer, from the Book of Hadd Punishments. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/82, 2/850. (46) Surah An-Nisa: 15. (47) Its sourcing preceded, in 11/184.

Arabic (Source)

مِنْكُمْ} (٤٦). ولأنَّ الَّذِينَ شَهِدُوا بالحَدِّ في عصرِ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- وأَصْحابِه، لم تُنْكَرْ عليهم شهادتُهم به. ويُسْتَحبُّ للإِمامِ وغيرِه التَّعْرِيضُ بالوُقوفِ عن الشَّهادةِ؛ بدليلِ قولِ عمرَ لزيادٍ: إنِّي لأرَى رجلًا أرجُو أن لا يفْضَحَ اللهُ على يَدَيْه رجلًا من أصحابِ رسول اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- (٤٧). ولأنَّ تَرْكَها أفضلُ، فلم يكُنْ بأسٌ بدَلالتِه على الفَضْلِ. وقد رُوِىَ أنَّ رجلًا سألَ عُقْبةَ بنَ عامرٍ، فقال: إنَّ لي جِيرانًا يشْربون الخمرَ، أفأرْفَعُهم إلى السُّلطانِ؟ فقال عُقْبةُ بنُ عامرٍ: إنِّي سمعتُ رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- يقول: "مَنْ سَتَرَ عَوْرَةَ مُسْلِمٍ، سَتَرَهُ اللهُ في الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ".

فصل: وإن شَهِدَ أربعةٌ على امرأةٍ بالزِّنَى، فشَهِدَ ثِقاتٌ من النِّساءِ أنَّها عَذْراءُ، فلا حَدَّ عليها، ولا على الشُّهودِ. وبهذا قالَ الشَّعْبِىُّ، والثَّوْرِىُّ، والشَّافِعِىُّ، وأبو ثَوْرٍ، وأصحابُ الرَّأْىِ. وقال مالِكٌ: عليها الحَدُّ؛ لأنَّ شهادةَ النِّساءِ لا مَدْخَلَ لها في الحُدودِ، فلا تسْقُطُ بشهادَتِهنَّ. ولَنا، أنَّ البَكارَةَ تَثْبُتُ بشَهادةِ النِّساءِ، ووُجودُها يَمْنَعُ من الزِّنَى ظاهرًا؛ لأنَّ الزِّنَى، لا يحْصُلُ بدونِ الإِيلاجِ في الفَرْجِ، ولا يُتَصَوَّرُ ذلك مع بَقاءِ البَكارَةِ، لأنَّ البِكْرَ هي التي لم تُوطَأْ في قُبلِهَا، وإذا انَتفَى الزِّنَى، لم يجبِ الحَدُّ، كما لو قامَتِ البَيِّنَةُ بأنَّ المشهودَ عليه بالزِّنَى مَجْبوبٌ، وإنَّما لم يجبِ الحَدُّ على الشُّهودِ؛ لِكَمالِ عِدَّتِهِم، مع احْتمالِ صِدْقِهم، فإنَّه يَحْتَمِلُ أن يكونَ وَطِئَها ثم عادَتْ عُذْرَتُها، فيكونَ ذلك شُبْهَةً في دَرْءِ الحَدِّ عنهم، غيرَ مُوجِبٍ له عليها، فإنَّ الحَدَّ لا يجبُ بالشُّبُهاتِ. ويجبُ أن يُكْتَفَى بشهادةِ امرأةٍ واحدةٍ؛ لأنَّ شهادتَها مَقْبولةٌ فيما لا يَطَّلِعُ

Notes

= ٣/ ١٦٨. ومسلم، في: باب بشارة من ستر اللَّه تعالى عيبه في الدنيا. . ., من كتاب البر والصلة والآداب، وفى: باب فضل الاجتماع على تلاوة القرآن، من كتاب الذكر. صحيح مسلم ٤/ ٢٠٠٢، ٢٠٧٤. كما أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب المؤاخاة، من كتاب الآداب. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٥٧١. والترمذي، في: باب ما جاء في الستر على المسلم، من أبواب الحدود، وفى: باب ما جاء في السُّتْرة على المسلم، من أبواب البر والصلة. عارضة الأحوذى ٦/ ١٩٩، ٨/ ١١٦، ١١٧. وابن ماجه، في: باب فضل العلماء، من المقدمة، وفى: باب الستر على المؤمن، من كتاب الحدود. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٨٢، ٢/ ٨٥٠.(٤٦) سورة النساء ١٥.(٤٧) تقدم تخريجه، في: ١١/ ١٨٤.

PreviousVolume 12 · Page 374Next
Previous12·374Next