and paternal uncles and their sons, then the paternal uncles of the father, then their sons, and so on forever. Once those eligible are exhausted, then it falls upon the master who manumitted the slave, then his agnates, then upon the master of the master, then his agnates, the nearest then the next nearest, exactly as in inheritance. And if we say that the fathers and sons are among the 'aqilah (those who bear the blood money), they are begun with; because they are closer. Whenever the wealth of a group is sufficient for the blood money, it does not move beyond them to those who come after them; because it is a right entitled by agnation, so the nearest then the next nearest is given priority, just as in inheritance and guardianship for marriage. Is the one who is related through both parents given priority over the one who is related through the father alone? There are two viewpoints. One is: he is given priority; because he is given priority in inheritance, so he is given priority in the blood money, like giving priority to the brother over his son. The second is: they are equal; because this is derived from agnation, and the mother has no effect on agnation. The first is more appropriate, if Allah the Exalted wills; because maternal kinship influences weighing, precedence, and the strength of agnation, due to the combination of two kinships in a way that neither of them is solitary in its ruling. This is because kinships are divided into that in which [each of the two] is solitary in a ruling, such as a paternal cousin who is also a maternal brother; he inherits by each of the two kinships with a separate inheritance, inheriting one-sixth by brotherhood and inheriting by agnation through the paternal cousinship, and the exclusion of one of the kinships does not affect the exclusion of the other. Thus, this does not affect strength or weighting; and for this reason, the paternal cousin who is a maternal brother is not given priority over others. And that in which neither of them is solitary in a ruling, such as a paternal cousin through both parents alongside a paternal cousin through the father alone; one of the two kinships does not have a separate inheritance from the other, so it influences weighting and the strength of agnation. For this reason, it influenced precedence in inheritance, and thus it does so in others. Al-Shafi'i held the same view as what we have mentioned, while Abu
(24) In M: "li-l-aba'". (25) In M: "fa-yuqaddam". (26) Omitted from B and M. (27) In M: "in". (28) In B: "ahad". (29) In B: "wahidah". (30) Omitted from B. (31) In the original: "al-taqaddum".
والأعْمامِ وبَنِيهِم، ثم أعْمامِ الأَبِ، ثم بَنِيهِم، ثم أعْمامِ الجَدِّ، ثم بَنِيهِم، كذلك أبدًا، حتى إذا انْقَرَضَ المُناسِبُونَ، فعلى المَوْلَى المُعْتِقِ، ثم على عَصَباتِه، ثم على مَوْلَى المَوْلَى، ثم على عَصَباتِه، الأقْرَبِ فالأقربِ، كالمِيراثِ سواءً. وإن قُلْنا: الآباءُ (٢٤) والأبْناءُ من العاقلةِ، بُدِئَ بهم؛ لأنَّهم أقْرَبُ. ومتى اتَّسَعَتْ أمْوالُ قَوْمٍ للعَقْلِ، لم يَعْدُهم إلى مَنْ بَعْدَهم؛ لأنَّه حَقٌّ يُسْتَحَقُّ بالتَّعْصِيبِ، فقُدِّمَ (٢٥) الأقْرَبُ فالأقربُ، كالمِيراثِ ووِلايةِ النِّكاحِ. وهل يُقَدّمُ مَنْ يُدْلِى بالأَبَوَيْنِ على مَنْ يُدْلِى بالأبِ؟ على وَجْهَيْن؛ أحدهما، يُقَدّمُ؛ لأنَّه يُقَدَّمُ في المِيراثِ، فقُدِّمَ في العَقْلِ، كتَقْدِيمِ الأخِ على ابْنِه. والثاني، يَسْتَوِيانِ؛ لأنَّ ذلك يُسْتَفادُ بالتَّعْصِيبِ، ولا أثَرَ للأُمِّ في التَّعْصِيبِ. والأوّلُ أوْلَى، إن شاء اللهُ تعالى؛ لأنَّ قَرابةَ الأُمِّ تُؤَثِّرُ في التَّرْجيحِ والتَّقْديمِ وقُوَّةِ التَّعْصِيبِ، لاجْتماعِ القَرَابَتَيْنِ على وَجْهٍ لا تَنْفَرِدُ كلُّ واحدَةٍ بحُكْمٍ، وذلك لأنَّ القَرابتَيْنِ تَنْقَسِمُ إلى ما تَنْفَرِدُ [كلُّ واحدةٍ] (٢٦) منهما بحُكْمٍ، كابْنِ العَمِّ إذا (٢٧) كان أخًا من أُمٍّ، فإنَّه يَرِثُ بكلِّ واحدةٍ من القَرابتَيْنِ مِيراثًا مُنْفَردًا، يَرِثُ السُّدُسَ بالأخُوَّةِ، ويَرِثُ بالتَّعْصِيبِ ببُنُوَّةِ العَمِّ، وحَجْبُ إحْدَى (٢٨) القَرابتَيْنِ لا يُؤَثِّرُ في حَجْبِ الأُخْرَى، فهذا لا يُؤَثِّرُ في قُوَّةٍ ولا تَرْجيحٍ، ولذلك لا يُقَدَّمُ ابنُ العَمِّ الذي هو أخٌ من أُمٍّ على غيرِه، ومالا يَنْفَرِدُ كلُّ واحدٍ (٢٩) منهما بحُكْمٍ (٣٠)، كابْنِ العَمِّ من أبَوَيْنِ مع ابْنِ عَمٍّ من أبٍ، لا تَنْفَرِدُ إحْدَى (٢٨) القَرابتَيْنِ بميراثٍ عن الأُخْرَى، فتُؤَثِّرُ في التَّرْجيحِ وقُوَّةِ التَّعْصِيبِ، ولذلك أثَّرتْ في التَّقْديمِ (٣١) في الميراثِ، فكذلك في غيرِه. وبما ذكَرْناه قال الشافعيُّ. وقال أبو
(٢٤) في م: "للآباء".(٢٥) في م: "فيقدم".(٢٦) سقط من: ب، م.(٢٧) في م: "إن".(٢٨) في ب: "أحد".(٢٩) في ب: "واحدة".(٣٠) سقط من: ب.(٣١) في الأصل: "التقدم".