There is no disagreement among the scholars that the first part to be cut from a thief is his right hand, from the wrist joint, which is the carpal bone (al-ku'). In the reading of Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, it is stated: "Faqta'u aymanahuma (Then cut their right hands)." If this is considered a recitation, then it is so; otherwise, it is an interpretation. It has been narrated from Abu Bakr al-Siddiq and Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, that they said: "When a thief steals, cut his right hand from the wrist." There is no one among the Companions who disagrees with them. This is also because the ability to grasp with the right hand is stronger, so starting with it is more of a deterrent, and because it is the instrument of theft, so it is appropriate to punish him by removing its instrument. When he steals a second time, his left foot is cut off. This is the position of the majority, except for 'Ata, from whom it was narrated that the left hand is cut off, based on the Almighty's saying: "Then cut their hands (fakta'u aydiyahuma)." And because it is the instrument of theft and grasping, so punishing him by cutting it is more appropriate. It has been narrated from Rabi'ah and Dawud. This is an anomalous (shudhudh) view that contradicts the position of the collective jurists of the various lands from among the people of jurisprudence and reports, from the Companions, the Successors, and those who came after them, as well as the view of Abu Bakr and Umar, may Allah be pleased with them. Abu Hurayrah narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that he said regarding the thief: "If he steals, cut off his hand, then if he steals again, cut off his foot." Furthermore, because in cases of hirabah (highway robbery/warfare) which warrants the cutting of two limbs, only his hand and foot are cut, and his two hands are not cut. We say: An offense has necessitated the cutting of two limbs, so they must be a foot and a hand, as in the case of hirabah. Moreover, cutting off both hands causes the loss of the benefit of the species, leaving him with no hand to eat with, perform ablution, cleanse himself, or defend himself, rendering him like one who is destroyed; therefore, cutting the foot, which does not involve this corruption, is more appropriate. As for the verse, what is intended by it is the cutting of the hand of each one of them;
(1) Narrated by al-Bayhaqi, in: The Chapter of the Thief Stealing for the First Time..., from the Book of Theft, Al-Sunan al-Kubra 8/270. (2) Omitted from: B. (3) This is an action of Umar. It was narrated by al-Bayhaqi in: The Chapter of the Thief Stealing for the First Time..., from the Book of Theft, Al-Sunan al-Kubra 8/271; and by Abd al-Razzaq in: The Chapter of Cutting the Thief, from the Book of Found Property (Luqata), Al-Musannaf 10/185; and by Ibn Abi Shaybah in: The Chapter on the Man Whose [Hand] is Cut..., from the Book of Hudud (Prescribed Punishments), Al-Musannaf 10/29. We did not find this attributed to Abu Bakr. See Al-Irwa' 8/81. (4) Surah al-Ma'idah 38. (5) In M: "And it is the view of". (6) Narrated by al-Daraqutni, in: The Book of Hudud, Blood Money, and others, Sunan al-Daraqutni 3/181.
لا خِلافَ بينَ أهل العلمِ في أنَّ السَّارِقَ أولُ ما يُقْطَعُ منه يدُه اليُمْنَى، من مَفْصِلِ الكَفِّ، وهو الكوعُ. وفى قِرَاءَةِ عبد اللَّه بن مسعود: (فَاقْطَعُوا أَيْمَانَهُمَا) (١). وهذا إن كان قراءةً وإلَّا فهو تفسيرٌ. وقد رُوِىَ عن أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ (٢) وعمرَ، رَضِيَ اللَّه عنهما، أنَّهما قالا: إذا سَرَقَ السَّارِقُ، فاقْطَعُوا يَمِينَه من الكُوعِ (٣). ولا مُخالِفَ لهما في الصحابة، ولأنَّ البَطْشَ بها أقْوَى، فكانتِ البدايةُ بها أرْدَعَ، ولأنَّها آلةُ السَّرِقَةِ، فناسبَ عُقوبتَه بإعْدامِ آلتِها. وإذا سَرَقَ ثانيًا، قُطِعَتْ رِجْلُه اليُسْرَى. وبذلك قال الجماعةُ إلَّا عَطاءً، حُكِىَ عنه، أنَّه تُقْطَعُ يدُه اليُسْرَى؛ لقَوْلِه سبحانه: {فَاقْطَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُمَا} (٤). ولأنَّها آلةُ السَّرِقَةِ والبَطْشِ، فكانتِ العقوبةُ بقَطْعِها أوْلَى. ورُوِىَ عن رَبِيعَةَ، وداودَ. وهذا شُذُوذٌ، يخالِفُ قَوْلَ جماعَةِ فُقهاءِ الأمصارِ من أهِل الفِقْهِ والأثرِ، من الصَّحَابَةِ والتَّابِعينَ، ومَن بعدَهم، وقولَ (٥) أبى بكرٍ وعمرَ، رَضِيَ اللَّه عنهما، وقد رَوَى أبو هُرَيْرَةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أنَّه قال في السَّارِقِ: "إذا سَرَقَ فَاقْطَعُوا يَدَه، ثُمَّ إنْ سَرَقَ فَاقْطَعُوا رِجْلَه" (٦). ولأنَّه في المُحارَبَةِ المُوجِبَةِ قَطْعَ عُضْوَيْنِ، إنَّما تُقْطَعُ يدُه ورِجْلُه، ولا تُقْطَعُ يَداهُ، فنقول: جنايةٌ أوْجَبَتْ قطعَ عُضْوَيْن، فكانا رِجْلًا ويدًا، كالمُحارَبَةِ، ولأنَّ قَطْعَ يَدَيْه يفَوِّتُ مَنْفعةَ الجنْسِ، فلا تَبْقَى له يدٌ يأكلُ بها، ولا يتوضَّأُ، ولا يَسْتَطِيبُ، ولا يدفَعُ عن نفسِه، فيصيرُ كالهالِك، فكان قَطْعُ الرِّجْلِ الذي لا يشتَمِلُ على هذه المَفْسَدَةِ أوْلَى. وأمَّا الآيةُ، فالمُرادُ بها قَطْعُ يَدِ كُلِّ واحِدٍ منهما؛
(١) أخرجه البيهقي، في: باب السارق يسرق أولا. . ., من كتاب السرقة. السنن الكبرى ٨/ ٢٧٠.(٢) سقط من: ب.(٣) هو من فعل عمر. أخرجه البيهقي، في: باب السارق يسرق أولا. . ., من كتاب السرقة. السنن الكبرى ٨/ ٢٧١. وعبد الرزاق، في: باب قطع السارق، من كتاب اللقطة. المصنف ١٠/ ١٨٥. وابن أبي شيبة، في: باب في الرجل تقطع. . ., من كتاب الحدود. المصنف ١٠/ ٢٩. ولم نجده عن أبي بكر. وانظر الإرواء ٨/ ٨١.(٤) سورة المائدة ٣٨.(٥) في م: "وهو قول".(٦) أخرجه الدارقطني، في: كتاب الحدود والديات وغيره. سنن الدارقطني ٣/ ١٨١.